Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Donepezil, used in Alzheimer's disease, belongs to which class?

1. AAcetylcholinesterase inhibitors
2. BSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
3. CBenzodiazepines
4. DDopamine agonists

Which adverse effect of ethambutol requires vision checks?

1. ABleeding in the back of the eye
2. BPermanent dilation of the pupils
3. COptic neuritis, with blurred vision and colour blindness
4. DCataracts that form within a few days of starting

Baclofen is used mainly to treat:

1. AHigh blood pressure in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia
2. BAcid reflux and heartburn
3. CMuscle spasticity, for example in multiple sclerosis
4. DBacterial infections of the skin

Which teaching about antiepileptic drugs is most important?

1. ATake a double dose if you feel a seizure coming
2. BStop the drug when you have had no seizures for one whole week
3. CAlcohol has no effect on seizure control
4. DDo not stop the drug suddenly, as this can trigger severe seizures

How should the nurse straighten the ear canal to give ear drops to a 2-year-old child?

1. APush the pinna forward and up
2. BLeave the ear untouched and drop into the canal
3. CPull the pinna up and back
4. DPull the pinna down and back

Як гліцерилтринітрат (нітрогліцерин, GTN) знімає стенокардію?

1. AВін вивільняє оксид азоту, що переважно розширює вени й зменшує навантаження на серце
2. BВін збільшує силу скорочення, тож серце ефективніше перекачує кров
3. CВін блокує бета-1-рецептори й сповільнює серцебиття
4. DВін розчиняє тромб у коронарній артерії

A patient receives high-dose IV aciclovir for herpes encephalitis. Which nursing action reduces the main risk to the kidneys?

1. AGive a loop diuretic before each dose
2. BGive the infusion as a rapid push
3. CRestrict oral and IV fluids to prevent brain swelling
4. DKeep the patient well hydrated and give the infusion slowly

Why should a dose never be written as "5,0 mg" on a medication order?

1. AIt means the dose must be given five times
2. BThe decimal point may be missed, and the dose read as 50 mg
3. CThe pharmacy cannot supply doses that contain a decimal point
4. DIt is too precise for most drugs