Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Why is adrenaline (epinephrine) sometimes added to a local anaesthetic injection?

1. AIt speeds up the removal of the anaesthetic from the tissue into the blood
2. BIt makes the anaesthetic act on the brain as well
3. CIt prevents allergic reactions to the anaesthetic
4. DIt constricts vessels, so the block lasts longer and less enters the blood

Fibrates such as fenofibrate mainly lower which blood lipid?

1. ATriglycerides
2. BHDL cholesterol
3. CLipoprotein(a) only
4. DBile acids

Що таке толерантність до ліків?

1. AАлергічна реакція на ліки
2. BЗменшення відповіді після повторного застосування, через що потрібна вища доза
3. CЗдатність приймати ліки, не розвиваючи жодних побічних ефектів узагалі
4. DСильніша відповідь при кожному прийомі ліків

A patient with a peanut allergy is taught to use an adrenaline auto-injector. Which statement is correct?

1. AKeep it at home so it is not lost
2. BThere is no need to see a doctor if the swelling goes down
3. CCall emergency services after using it, even if symptoms improve
4. DUse it only if the antihistamine has not worked after an hour

Why are many drugs started at lower doses in older adults?

1. AOlder adults always weigh more than younger adults, so drugs last longer
2. BLower doses are cheaper for older patients
3. COlder adults absorb no drugs from the stomach
4. DKidney and liver clearance often decline, and sensitivity to drugs increases

A 19-year-old starts an SSRI for depression. Which is most important for the nurse to monitor during the first weeks?

1. ABlood glucose before every meal and at bedtime
2. BNew or worsening suicidal thoughts or agitation
3. CHearing loss and tinnitus
4. DDaily bowel movements only

Why is adenosine used with caution in patients with asthma?

1. AIt reduces the effect of inhaled steroids
2. BIt is broken down too slowly in asthma
3. CIt causes severe hypertension in asthma
4. DIt can cause bronchospasm

An older patient with coronary artery disease is starting levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. Why is a low starting dose used?

1. AFast replacement raises cardiac oxygen demand and can cause angina
2. BHigh starting doses cause permanent hypothyroidism
3. COlder patients absorb levothyroxine much better, so small doses are all they need
4. DLevothyroxine causes severe hypoglycaemia in older patients