Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

До якого класу належать ліки, назви яких закінчуються на «-олол», як-от атенолол?

1. AБета-блокатори
2. BБлокатори кальцієвих каналів
3. CСтатини
4. DІнгібітори АПФ

Varenicline helps people stop smoking because it:

1. ABlocks dopamine receptors in the brain completely
2. BIs a nicotinic partial agonist that reduces craving and reward
3. CMakes cigarettes taste bitter
4. DIs a form of nicotine absorbed slowly through the skin

What does "bacteriostatic" mean?

1. AThe drug prevents the patient's immune response
2. BThe drug kills bacteria directly by breaking down their cell wall
3. CThe drug stops bacteria multiplying without killing them directly
4. DThe drug kills viruses as well as bacteria

Why is hypovolaemia corrected with IV fluids before or while starting a vasopressor?

1. AFluids stop the vasopressor causing a fever
2. BVasopressors only work when they are diluted in large fluid volumes
3. CVasopressors cause the patient to retain too much fluid
4. DVasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled

Ліки пригнічують печінковий фермент CYP3A4. Що може статися з іншими ліками, які переважно метаболізуються CYP3A4?

1. AЇхній рівень у плазмі зростає, підвищуючи ризик побічних ефектів
2. BЇхній рівень у плазмі падає, і вони можуть перестати діяти у звичайній дозі
3. CНічого, бо ферменти не впливають на інші ліки
4. DНирки виводять їх швидше

A patient with insulin-treated diabetes is found unconscious with very low blood glucose. There is no IV access. Which drug can a trained helper give?

1. AGlucagon by injection or nasal spray
2. BIntramuscular adrenaline
3. COral glucose gel poured into the mouth
4. DRapid-acting insulin under the skin

Why is pethidine (meperidine) avoided in older people and in kidney impairment?

1. AIt has no pain-relieving effect in older people
2. BIts metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures
3. CIt is not absorbed from the gut when kidney function is poor
4. DIt causes severe hypoglycaemia in these groups

A patient's record shows anaphylaxis to penicillin. Amoxicillin has been prescribed. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the amoxicillin, as it belongs to a different antibiotic group
2. BGive the amoxicillin with an antihistamine to prevent a reaction
3. CWithhold it and contact the prescriber, as amoxicillin is a penicillin
4. DGive half the dose and observe for a reaction