Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

Psyllium (ispaghula husk) is which type of laxative?

1. AStool softener
2. BStimulant
3. COsmotic
4. DBulk-forming

Finasteride is used in benign prostatic hyperplasia because it:

1. AKills bacteria in the prostate
2. BIncreases testosterone production
3. CRelaxes smooth muscle in the prostate within hours of the first dose
4. DInhibits 5-alpha reductase and slowly shrinks the prostate

Для лікування якої хвороби переважно використовують леводопу?

1. AЕпілепсії
2. BХвороби Альцгеймера
3. CХвороби Паркінсона
4. DРозсіяного склерозу

Why should NSAIDs be used with caution in some people with asthma?

1. AThey can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
2. BThey block the anti-inflammatory effect of inhaled corticosteroids
3. CThey increase the clearance of salbutamol
4. DThey cause mucus plugs by drying the airways

Why is hypovolaemia corrected with IV fluids before or while starting a vasopressor?

1. AFluids stop the vasopressor causing a fever
2. BVasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled
3. CVasopressors cause the patient to retain too much fluid
4. DVasopressors only work when they are diluted in large fluid volumes

Чому НПЗЗ, як-от ібупрофен, підвищують ризик виразки шлунка?

1. AЗбільшують кількість Helicobacter pylori в шлунку
2. BПідвищують pH шлункової кислоти
3. CБезпосередньо розчиняють шар слизу
4. DЗменшують захисні простагландини в слизовій шлунка

An older patient on amlodipine develops ankle swelling and is prescribed furosemide. She then becomes dizzy and falls. What does this sequence illustrate?

1. ADrug tolerance
2. BA prescribing cascade
3. CA type B allergic reaction
4. DEnzyme induction

A patient with HIV has a CD4 count below 200 cells/mm³. Which prophylaxis is usually started?

1. AIsoniazid to prevent hepatitis B
2. BFluconazole to prevent urinary and skin infections
3. CCo-trimoxazole to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia
4. DOseltamivir to prevent influenza