Робочий аркуш «Фармакологія» з відповідями

In Addison's disease, fludrocortisone is given to replace which hormone?

1. AThyroxine
2. BCortisol
3. CAdrenaline
4. DAldosterone

Which drug is first-line for symptomatic bradycardia in adults?

1. AAtropine
2. BMetoprolol
3. CAdenosine
4. DDigoxin

What is a "superinfection" during antibiotic treatment?

1. AA new infection because normal body flora are disturbed
2. BA very severe form of the original infection
3. CAn infection that is cured by a single antibiotic dose
4. DAn infection that spreads from one patient to another on the ward

A patient uses two different eye drops at the same time of day. What should the nurse advise?

1. AMix the drops in one bottle first
2. BPut both drops in at exactly the same moment
3. CWait at least 5 minutes between the two drops
4. DUse only one of them each day

Why should loperamide usually be avoided in bloody diarrhoea with fever?

1. ALoperamide makes the bleeding worse by blocking platelets
2. BSlowing the gut may keep bacteria and toxins in the bowel longer
3. CLoperamide causes severe hypertension when there is an infection
4. DLoperamide is an antibiotic that causes resistance

After instilling eye drops, why should the patient press gently on the inner corner of the eye for a minute or two?

1. ATo reduce drainage into the nose and absorption into blood
2. BTo make the pupil dilate faster
3. CTo stop the eye from producing tears for about an hour
4. DTo spread the drop evenly over the eyelid

Which regimen is standard for eradicating Helicobacter pylori?

1. AAcid suppression plus at least two antibiotics, often with bismuth, for 14 days
2. BAn H2 blocker taken only when pain occurs
3. CA single dose of an antibiotic given intravenously
4. DAn antacid alone, taken after meals and at bedtime for six months

A patient who used heroin a few hours ago is given a first dose of buprenorphine and quickly develops severe withdrawal. Why?

1. ABuprenorphine is a high-affinity partial agonist that displaces heroin
2. BBuprenorphine causes an allergic reaction in heroin users
3. CBuprenorphine has no effect at opioid receptors
4. DBuprenorphine is a pure antagonist like naloxone with no agonist effect