Câu hỏi luyện tập kiểu NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): gói ôn nước rút

Why should a patient wash and dry their hands before a fingerprick glucose test?

1. AWet hands give a falsely high reading
2. BClean hands make the finger bleed more slowly
3. CSugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
4. DIt is only needed if the hands look dirty

A patient with diabetes has had foot-care teaching. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll check my feet every day, using a mirror if needed."
2. B"I'll soak my feet in hot water every evening."
3. C"I'll wear shoes that fit well and never walk barefoot."
4. D"I'll dry carefully between my toes after washing."

When is it appropriate to use the override function on an automated dispensing cabinet to take a drug before pharmacist review?

1. AWhenever the nurse is sure of the dose
2. BOnly in an urgent situation where delay would harm the patient, per policy
3. CWhenever the pharmacist is slow to review new orders and the patient is waiting
4. DAt the start of each shift to save time later

A patient with suspected sepsis has orders for blood cultures and an IV antibiotic. What is the correct order of actions?

1. AGive the antibiotic first so that treatment starts, and take the cultures the next day
2. BDraw the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic without delay
3. CWait for the culture results before starting the antibiotic
4. DGive the antibiotic and take the cultures an hour later

A nurse sees a nursing assistant leave a confused patient’s bed in the highest position after care. What should the nurse do?

1. AWrite it in the assistant’s yearly review only
2. BLeave it because the patient is asleep
3. CAsk the family to lower the bed when they next visit
4. DLower the bed now and remind the assistant why it matters

A patient has a chest drain for a pneumothorax. The nurse sees constant bubbling in the water-seal chamber. What does this most likely mean?

1. AThe lung has fully re-expanded, so the drain is ready to come out
2. BThe drain is working normally and no action is needed
3. CThe suction is set too low and needs to be turned up
4. DAn air leak in the patient or the system that needs checking

Why are people with diabetes advised to have regular eye screening?

1. ATo detect diabetic retinopathy early, before sight is lost
2. BTo prevent conjunctivitis
3. CTo check whether they need reading glasses for close work
4. DTo measure their blood glucose through the eye

Which feature suggests moisture-associated skin damage rather than a pressure ulcer?

1. AA deep wound over the sacrum with exposed bone and a dark base
2. BDiffuse, superficial redness in a skin fold, not over a bony prominence
3. CA round area of necrosis over the heel
4. DNon-blanching redness directly over the hip bone after lying on one side

Apart from the lithium level, which tests are monitored regularly in long-term lithium therapy?

1. AKidney function and thyroid function
2. BLiver enzymes and serum amylase
3. CINR and the platelet count
4. DTroponin and creatine kinase (CK)

Ten days after chemotherapy, a patient has a platelet count of 9 × 10³/µL and reports a sudden severe headache and blurred vision. What is the priority?

1. AGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) for the headache and reassess in 1 hour
2. BEncourage the patient to drink more fluids and check the blood pressure later
3. CAssess neurological status and report it at once as possible brain bleeding
4. DDim the lights and encourage rest, as headaches are common after chemotherapy

Which adverse effect of ciprofloxacin should a patient report at once?

1. AA slightly bitter or metallic taste for a while after each dose
2. BPain or swelling in a tendon, such as the Achilles tendon
3. CDarker stools than usual
4. DMild tiredness in the first few days

Five days after starting clindamycin, a patient has frequent watery diarrhoea, abdominal cramps and a fever. What should the nurse suspect and do?

1. AA normal side effect; give loperamide and continue as usual
2. BC. difficile infection; send stool, use contact precautions, avoid antidiarrhoeals
3. CAn allergy to clindamycin; give an antihistamine and continue the antibiotic
4. DFood poisoning; encourage a high-fibre diet and plenty of milk products

A patient with heart failure takes furosemide once a day. When is the best time to take it?

1. AIn the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night
2. BAt bedtime, so the effect lasts through the night
3. CWhenever the ankles look swollen, on those days only
4. DJust before the evening meal, with a large drink

A patient declines enoxaparin for VTE prevention because it is made from pork, which conflicts with their beliefs. What is the best response?

1. AGive the injection anyway without explaining what the medicine is made from
2. BDocument the refusal in the notes and take no further action at all
3. CTell the patient that refusal means they cannot have surgery
4. DRespect the decision, inform the prescriber and discuss non-animal options

A patient has had a calcium oxalate kidney stone. Which advice best helps prevent another?

1. ATake extra vitamin C supplements
2. BDrink only a little to avoid diluting the urine
3. CDrink plenty of fluid so the urine stays pale
4. DCut all calcium out of the diet

A nurse teaches a patient about peritoneal dialysis. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will weigh myself daily and record my fluid balance."
2. B"I will wash my hands carefully before each exchange."
3. C"I will check my exit site every day."
4. D"If the fluid is cloudy, I'll see if it clears next time."

Which nursing intervention best reduces preoperative anxiety?

1. AKeeping family members away until after surgery
2. BExplaining what will happen and answering questions
3. CAvoiding talking about the operation at all
4. DTelling the patient that there is nothing to worry about

On the day after a Hartmann's procedure, the end colostomy is dark purple to black. What should the nurse do?

1. ACut a smaller hole in the pouch
2. BReport it urgently, as the stoma may be necrotic
3. CRecord it as normal postoperative bruising and recheck it next week
4. DRub the stoma to improve its colour

A preterm baby at 30 weeks has repeated pauses in breathing of more than 20 seconds. Which drug is commonly used?

1. ANaloxone hydrochloride
2. BAtropine sulfate
3. CPhenobarbital
4. DCaffeine citrate

Which statement by a woman in early labour shows a need for further teaching about pain relief?

1. A"Breathing slowly and focusing can help between contractions."
2. B"A warm bath or shower may ease the pain."
3. C"If I have an epidural, I will not need my blood pressure checked."
4. D"Changing position often and walking can help me cope."

A child with a myelomeningocele has a neurogenic bladder. Which management is usual?

1. AWaiting for bladder control to develop naturally
2. BClean intermittent catheterisation
3. CA permanent catheter left in place for life
4. DRestricting fluids to reduce urine volume

A 3-month-old has large, flat, blue-grey patches over the lower back and buttocks. The parents say they have been there since birth. What is the best action?

1. AApply cold packs several times a day to reduce the discoloration
2. BReport them straight away to the safeguarding team as suspected physical abuse
3. CRequest urgent clotting tests and a full blood count to look for a bleeding disorder
4. DDocument them with size and location as congenital dermal melanocytosis (Mongolian spots)

A patient with dependent personality disorder asks the nurse to choose her clothes and meals every day. What is an appropriate nursing goal?

1. AThe patient will let staff make all her decisions while in hospital
2. BThe patient will make small everyday decisions on her own
3. CThe patient will avoid contact with others until she feels more confident
4. DThe patient will move in with a relative who can make decisions for her

A behaviour plan states that staff will no longer give attention to a child's tantrums but will praise calm behaviour. For the first few days, the tantrums become worse. What does this most likely show?

1. AThat the plan has failed and should be stopped immediately
2. BAn extinction burst, which is expected before the behaviour decreases
3. CThat the child needs firm punishment for each tantrum instead
4. DThat the tantrums are caused by a physical illness

Bài tập luyện tập (giá trị tự tạo, không phải hướng dẫn lâm sàng). Nhiệt độ của bệnh nhân là 35,7 °C. Hãy quy đổi sang độ Fahrenheit T bằng °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Làm tròn đến một chữ số thập phân.

Bài tập luyện tập (giá trị tự tạo, không phải hướng dẫn lâm sàng). Đơn thuốc ghi 1½ tsp hỗn dịch uống ba lần mỗi ngày trong 10 ngày. Hỗn dịch được đóng trong chai 150 mL. Dùng 1 tsp = 5 mL, phải cấp phát bao nhiêu chai nguyên N để đủ cả đợt điều trị?

Một bệnh nhân nặng 60 kg và được kê 5 mg/kg dưới dạng một liều duy nhất. Tìm liều D theo mg.

Một bệnh nhân cao 112 cm và nặng 26 kg. Y lệnh là 100 mg/m². Dùng công thức Mosteller BSA = √(chiều cao (cm) × cân nặng (kg)/3600), tìm liều D theo mg.

Một đợt truyền được chỉ định ở 40 mL/h, nhưng không có bơm. Dịch chảy theo trọng lực qua bộ truyền dịch 60 gtt/mL. Tìm tốc độ nhỏ giọt R theo giọt mỗi phút.

Một túi chứa 4 g thuốc trong 500 mL. Y lệnh là 1 mg mỗi phút. Bạn đặt bơm ở tốc độ R nào theo mL/h?

Bài tập luyện tập (giá trị tự tạo, không phải hướng dẫn lâm sàng). Bảng ghi cho thấy lượng vào và lượng ra của một bệnh nhân trong một ca 8 giờ. Dịch truyền tĩnh mạch chạy với tốc độ như hiển thị trong suốt ca. Tìm cân bằng dịch B = lượng vào − lượng ra theo mL (đáp án âm nghĩa là mất ròng).

Bài tập luyện tập (giá trị tự tạo, không phải hướng dẫn lâm sàng). Một túi 1000 mL chạy bằng bơm với 120 mL/h. Vào lúc 08:30, đã truyền 100 mL. Bao nhiêu giờ t nữa thì túi hết? Làm tròn đến một chữ số thập phân.

Bài tập luyện tập (giá trị tự tạo, không phải hướng dẫn lâm sàng). Một bệnh nhân luyện tập được đánh giá bằng thang điểm té ngã Morse: tiền sử té ngã trong 3 tháng qua: không; chẩn đoán phụ: có; dụng cụ hỗ trợ đi lại: vịn vào đồ đạc; liệu pháp tĩnh mạch hoặc khóa nước muối: không; dáng đi: suy giảm; trạng thái tâm thần: đánh giá quá cao hoặc quên giới hạn. Hãy tìm tổng điểm Morse MFS.

Bài tập luyện tập (giá trị tự tạo, không phải hướng dẫn lâm sàng). Một người lớn nặng 70 kg và cao 177 cm. Hãy tính BMI và nhấp vào phân loại cân nặng của WHO.

1. 1thiếu cân
2. 2cân nặng khỏe mạnh
3. 3thừa cân
4. 4béo phì độ I
5. 5béo phì độ II
6. 6béo phì độ III