Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A parent of a child with influenza talks with the nurse. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will give my child aspirin to bring the fever down.”
2. B“I will keep my child home from school and away from others while unwell.”
3. C“I will call if my child has trouble breathing.”
4. D“I will give my child plenty of fluids.”

Một người bệnh suy tim khó thở với ran nổ ở cả hai phổi. Thứ tự hành động nào đúng?

1. ACân người bệnh trước, rồi đánh giá lại hô hấp sau bốn giờ
2. BCho ngồi dậy, cho thở oxy theo y lệnh, rồi gọi người có thẩm quyền
3. CCho các thuốc uống theo lịch trước, rồi cho ngồi dậy
4. DCho người bệnh nằm phẳng nghỉ, rồi bắt đầu dịch duy trì tĩnh mạch

Sputum specimens are ordered to look for acid-fast bacilli (TB). How are they usually collected?

1. AOne saliva sample collected at any convenient time of day
2. BThree specimens collected after an antiseptic mouthwash
3. CThree deep-cough specimens collected 8 to 24 hours apart, at least one early in the morning
4. DOne specimen of sputum collected straight after the evening meal, when coughing is easiest

A nurse teaches parents about firearm safety at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“We keep all the ammunition locked away separately from the gun.”
2. B“We will ask other parents about guns before play dates.”
3. C“We store the gun unloaded in a locked safe in the bedroom.”
4. D“We keep the gun loaded in the nightstand, and the children know not to touch it.”

A patient with chronic kidney disease has a potassium of 5,6 mEq/L. Which food should the nurse advise the patient to limit?

1. ACabbage
2. BApples
3. CWhite rice
4. DBananas

A patient in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state has a glucose of 1,050 mg/dL (58 mmol/L), very dry mucous membranes and a fast pulse. Which treatment is usually the first priority?

1. AOral glucose-lowering tablets
2. BStrict fluid restriction
3. CAn IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate
4. DLarge-volume IV fluid replacement

Why are people with diabetes advised to have regular eye screening?

1. ATo prevent conjunctivitis
2. BTo check whether they need reading glasses for close work
3. CTo detect diabetic retinopathy early, before sight is lost
4. DTo measure their blood glucose through the eye

Which feature best distinguishes delirium from dementia?

1. ADelirium is permanent, while dementia is reversible
2. BDementia always causes visual hallucinations
3. CDelirium starts suddenly and fluctuates, while dementia develops gradually
4. DDelirium only affects people under 50, while dementia affects older people

Vì sao bệnh nhân COPD nặng được khuyến khích ăn bữa nhỏ, nhiều lần?

1. ABữa ăn lớn làm đường thở hẹp vĩnh viễn
2. BDạ dày đầy hạn chế cơ hoành và ăn gây mệt
3. CBữa ăn thường xuyên phòng trực tiếp nhiễm trùng ngực
4. DBữa nhỏ làm giảm tần suất cần dùng thuốc hít

A patient regains a pulse after a ventricular fibrillation arrest that was probably caused by a heart attack. Which investigation is most urgent?

1. AA 12-lead ECG
2. BSpirometry
3. CAn abdominal ultrasound
4. DA lumbar puncture

Một bệnh nhân đột quỵ bán cầu phải bỏ qua thức ăn ở phía trái của đĩa. Hiện tượng này gọi là gì?

1. AMất ngôn ngữ diễn đạt
2. BThất điều tiểu não
3. CKhó nuốt
4. DBỏ quên nửa trái (left-sided neglect)

A patient who has taken prednisolone daily for years is vomiting and cannot keep tablets down. What should the nurse do?

1. AOmit the steroid until the vomiting stops
2. BEscalate urgently for steroid by injection
3. CGive the next dose with a glass of milk
4. DGive the tablets again after every vomit

What is TENS?

1. AA device that sends mild electrical pulses through skin pads
2. BA strong opioid given through the skin as a weekly adhesive patch
3. CA type of epidural catheter inserted in theatre
4. DA pain score used for babies

Which preoperative task can a registered nurse usually delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ATeaching the patient how to use a PCA pump
2. BRecording baseline vital signs
3. CDeciding whether abnormal results need reporting
4. DAssessing the patient's understanding of the surgery