Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

After a hip replacement, a patient has sudden severe hip pain, and the operated leg looks shorter and turned. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA urinary tract infection
2. BNormal pain after surgery
3. CDislocation of the new hip
4. DA pressure injury on the heel

A marathon runner is confused, with a temperature of 41 °C and hot skin. What is the priority?

1. AWrapping the runner in a blanket to prevent shivering
2. BGiving an antipyretic tablet and waiting for it to work
3. CAsking the runner to rest in the shade and drink slowly
4. DRapid cooling while supporting airway and circulation

A visitor with a cold wants to see a patient who has severe neutropenia. What should the nurse advise?

1. AVisit but avoid touching the patient’s bed
2. BVisit only if the cold started more than a day ago
3. CPostpone the visit until the visitor is well
4. DVisit as usual after washing the hands

A patient has signed a surgical consent form but tells the nurse, “I don’t really understand what they are going to do.” What should the nurse do?

1. AExplain the risks and benefits in place of the surgeon
2. BReassure the patient that the surgeon knows best and continue with the preparation
3. CGive the preoperative sedative so the patient relaxes
4. DInform the surgeon so the procedure can be explained again before any sedation

A patient with pneumonia had a CRP of 180 mg/L on admission and 40 mg/L after 4 days of antibiotics. What does this most likely show?

1. AThe patient has developed a new infection
2. BThe inflammation is settling with treatment
3. CThe antibiotic is causing liver damage
4. DThe infection has spread to another organ

A patient on stable digoxin starts amiodarone. A week later, the patient has nausea and visual changes, and the digoxin level is above the range. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AAmiodarone has lowered potassium only
2. BThe patient has started a viral illness
3. CAmiodarone has raised the digoxin level
4. DDigoxin has raised the amiodarone level

Which lifestyle advice helps a patient with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease?

1. AWear tight belts to support the stomach
2. BEat one very large meal a day rather than several small ones
3. CAvoid large meals late in the evening and raise the head of the bed
4. DLie down straight after each meal to let the food settle

Why should chronic hypernatraemia be corrected gradually?

1. ALowering the sodium too fast can cause cerebral oedema
2. BFast correction causes severe hyperkalaemia
3. CSlow correction is only needed in children
4. DFast correction causes osmotic demyelination from swelling of the kidneys

Phối hợp nhóm thuốc nào cải thiện sống còn trong suy tim phân suất tống máu giảm?

1. ANSAID, aspirin, statin và thuốc lợi tiểu thiazide
2. BThuốc lợi tiểu quai, digoxin, nitrate và thuốc chẹn kênh calci
3. CThuốc ức chế men chuyển hoặc ARNI, thuốc chẹn beta, MRA và thuốc ức chế SGLT2
4. DChỉ một thuốc lợi tiểu quai ở liều cao nhất dung nạp được

Ba tuần sau nhồi máu cơ tim, một bệnh nhân sốt, đau ngực kiểu màng phổi đỡ khi nghiêng người ra trước và có tiếng cọ màng ngoài tim. Bệnh nào nhiều khả năng nhất?

1. ABóc tách động mạch chủ cấp
2. BMột STEMI mới ở động mạch khác
3. CSuy thất trái cấp
4. DHội chứng sau nhồi máu cơ tim (Dressler)

A nurse is teaching a patient going home after a mild concussion. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"A few drinks tonight will help me relax and sleep."
2. B"Someone will stay with me for the first night."
3. C"I will come back if I start vomiting again and again."
4. D"I will return if my headache gets steadily worse."

The nurse has four urology patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with a nephrostomy who has rigors and a BP of 86/50 mmHg
2. BA patient after TURP with light pink drainage and mild discomfort
3. CA patient with a suprapubic catheter due for a routine change
4. DA patient with stress incontinence asking about pelvic floor exercises

Vai trò của hạn chế natri và spironolactone trong xơ gan là gì?

1. AGiảm ammoniac máu và điều trị bệnh não
2. BTăng mất kali và phòng tăng kali máu
3. CGiảm giữ natri và nước và kiểm soát cổ trướng
4. DTăng huyết áp và cải thiện lưu lượng máu thận

A patient with recurrent diverticulitis reports passing air and faecal matter in the urine. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA fistula between the colon and the bladder
2. BA kidney stone blocking the ureter
3. CA simple lower urinary tract infection
4. DBowel preparation that was taken too quickly