Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A conscious patient with hypoglycemia drank juice 15 minutes ago. The glucose is now 62 mg/dL (3,4 mmol/L). What should the nurse do next?

1. AGive another serving of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes
2. BWait another hour, because juice can take a long time to work
3. CRecord the result and recheck the glucose at the usual time before the evening meal
4. DGive the next scheduled dose of rapid-acting insulin with the meal

A provider asks a nurse to perform a procedure that is outside the nurse’s scope of practice. What should the nurse do?

1. ADecline, explain why and suggest who can safely do it
2. BAsk a nursing assistant to do it instead
3. CDo it just this once and promise the provider not to do it again
4. DDo it, because the provider gave the instruction

A patient needs to be moved up in bed and cannot help much. Which approach is safest?

1. ARaise the head of the bed fully and lift the patient up by the shoulders
2. BAsk the patient to push up with their heels alone
3. CUse a friction-reducing sheet with enough staff, with the bed flat if tolerated
4. DHave one nurse pull the patient up by the arms

A visitor is receiving an electric shock from a faulty lamp and is still touching it. What should the nurse do first?

1. AThrow water over the lamp to stop the current
2. BSwitch off the power or unplug the lamp without touching the person
3. CStart chest compressions straight away
4. DPull the visitor away from the lamp by the arm as quickly as possible

Khi nào nên lấy cấy máu cho người bệnh nghi nhiễm khuẩn huyết?

1. ABất kỳ lúc nào, vì kháng sinh không ảnh hưởng đến kết quả
2. BSau ba liều kháng sinh đầu tiên
3. CChỉ khi sốt kéo dài hơn ba ngày
4. DTrước liều kháng sinh đầu tiên, không làm chậm nhiều

Vì sao kết quả HbA1c có thể gây hiểu lầm ở người bệnh được truyền nhiều máu hai tuần trước?

1. ANhiều hồng cầu là của người hiến, chưa tiếp xúc với glucose của người bệnh
2. BHbA1c đo đường gắn trên bạch cầu, không phải hồng cầu
3. CTruyền máu luôn làm HbA1c tăng giả
4. DHbA1c chính xác trong mọi hoàn cảnh

Which instruction is correct for taking weekly alendronic acid (alendronate)?

1. ATake it with an antacid to protect the stomach
2. BTake it with plain water on an empty stomach and stay upright for 30 minutes
3. CChew the tablet with breakfast and a cup of milky tea
4. DTake it with a glass of milk at bedtime and then lie down straight away

A patient has sudden, severe "tearing" chest pain going through to the back and a large difference in blood pressure between the arms. What should be suspected?

1. APericarditis
2. BGastro-oesophageal reflux
3. CStable angina
4. DAortic dissection

After coronary artery bypass surgery through a median sternotomy, which instruction is usually given for the first several weeks?

1. AAvoid heavy lifting and pushing up with the arms
2. BAvoid walking until the stitches are removed
3. CLift the arms above the head often to stretch the chest
4. DSleep only on the stomach to protect the wound

Ten days after cardiac surgery, a patient has a fever, a red sternal wound with discharge and a clicking feeling in the chest when coughing. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ACostochondritis caused by forceful coughing
2. BSternal wound infection with an unstable sternum
3. CNormal wound healing with some expected discharge
4. DPericarditis from the operation

Why is an ACE inhibitor often given to a patient with diabetes and albumin in the urine?

1. AIt protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss
2. BIt stops the kidneys from passing so much urine at night
3. CIt lowers the blood glucose to normal
4. DIt raises potassium to protect the heart

A patient has fever, confusion, odd behaviour and a new seizure. Herpes simplex encephalitis is suspected. Which drug is usually started straight away?

1. AOral prednisolone
2. BOral amoxicillin
3. CIV insulin
4. DIV aciclovir

In the UK National Early Warning Score (NEWS2), what does an aggregate score of 5 or more usually trigger?

1. ADischarge planning for the next day
2. BNo change unless the patient complains
3. CAn urgent review by a clinician skilled in acute illness
4. DRoutine observations once every 12 hours, with no other change in care

A patient with small cell lung cancer is confused and drowsy. Sodium is 118 mmol/L and the urine is highly concentrated. Which complication is likely?

1. AHypercalcaemia of malignancy
2. BTumour lysis syndrome
3. CSIADH
4. DDiabetes insipidus