Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

The day after a total thyroidectomy, a patient reports tingling around the mouth and in the fingers. What should the nurse do first?

1. AReassure the patient that this is normal after neck surgery
2. BGive the patient’s routine oral iron supplement early
3. CCheck for signs of low calcium and inform the provider
4. DEncourage deep breaths into a paper bag until it passes

A patient with MRSA in a wound is on contact precautions. Which instruction to the nursing assistant is correct?

1. AWear a respirator mask in the room, because MRSA in a wound spreads through the air to others
2. BOnly wear gloves when touching the wound itself; skin and bedding are safe
3. CWear a gown and gloves for contact with the patient or the room, and use dedicated equipment
4. DNo special precautions are needed if the wound is covered with a dressing

In the US (EPA/OSHA) hazmat system, which level of PPE gives the highest level of protection?

1. ALevel B
2. BLevel C
3. CLevel D
4. DLevel A

A 2-year-old living in a house built many decades ago has anemia, irritability and poor appetite. Which cause should the nurse suspect?

1. ACarbon dioxide from a gas cooker
2. BIron overload from eating too much red meat
3. CLead poisoning from old paint dust or chips
4. DA food allergy to cow’s milk proteins

How does normal pregnancy usually affect serum creatinine?

1. AIt rises with every week
2. BIt falls, because GFR rises
3. CIt stays exactly the same
4. DIt rises, because GFR falls

Which patient's result should the nurse act on first?

1. AHemoglobin 9,6 g/dL (96 g/L) in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease
2. BPlatelets 140 × 10³/µL in a patient with mild chronic liver disease
3. CHemoglobin 6,4 g/dL (64 g/L) with new chest pain and a pulse of 124/min
4. DFerritin 15 ng/mL in a well patient with known iron-deficiency anemia on oral iron

Why is an urgent brain scan needed before thrombolysis for a suspected stroke?

1. ATo measure the size of the ventricles
2. BTo check for brain tumours only
3. CTo confirm the patient's age
4. DTo rule out bleeding in the brain

Why are patients with nephrotic syndrome at increased risk of blood clots?

1. ATheir blood pressure is always very low
2. BAnticoagulant proteins are lost in the urine and clotting factors rise
3. CThey lose all their red cells in the urine, which thickens the remaining blood
4. DThey lose most of their platelets in the urine every day

D-dimer tăng có nghĩa là gì?

1. ALiều thuốc chống đông quá thấp và phải tăng
2. BĐã loại trừ an toàn huyết khối tĩnh mạch sâu
3. CĐã xác nhận có thuyên tắc phổi hoặc huyết khối tĩnh mạch sâu
4. DCó sự phân hủy fibrin, nhưng không chứng minh có cục máu đông

A patient with severe asthma develops a stable narrow-complex tachycardia, and IV adenosine is prescribed. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive it as a slow infusion over an hour to reduce side effects
2. BQuestion the prescription, as adenosine can cause bronchospasm
3. CGive it orally instead of intravenously
4. DGive it as prescribed, as adenosine is safe in every patient

Which measure best detects a decline in breathing in a patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. APeak flow before and after a bronchodilator
2. BDaily chest X-rays
3. COxygen saturation alone
4. DRegular forced vital capacity measurements

A patient taking amiodarone has gained weight and feels tired and cold. Which blood test is most relevant?

1. ASerum ferritin
2. BThyroid function tests
3. CSerum amylase and lipase levels
4. DBlood alcohol level

Một bệnh nhân mới mở thông hồi tràng có lượng dịch thải rất cao. Nguy cơ chính là gì?

1. ATáo bón và ứ đọng phân ở ruột phía trên stoma
2. BCalci cao và sỏi thận trong vài ngày
3. CQuá tải dịch và phù cổ chân
4. DMất nước và mất natri, kali, magnesi

A patient with cirrhosis takes spironolactone and furosemide. Which blood result should the nurse report before the next dose?

1. ASodium 138 mmol/L
2. BPotassium 6,0 mmol/L
3. CPotassium 4,2 mmol/L
4. DSodium 141 mmol/L