Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

One hour after a vaginal birth, the nurse finds a soft, boggy uterus and heavy bleeding. What is the first action?

1. AApply an ice pack to the perineum
2. BMassage the fundus
3. CEncourage the patient to rest quietly
4. DOffer a meal and fluids

During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops rising end-tidal carbon dioxide, muscle rigidity and a rapidly increasing temperature. Which drug should the nurse anticipate?

1. AAtropine
2. BDantrolene
3. CNaloxone
4. DFlumazenil

Khi nào điều dưỡng nên dùng bình chữa cháy để dập lửa?

1. AChỉ khi đám cháy nhỏ, đã báo động và lối thoát thông thoáng
2. BLuôn luôn, kể cả trước khi báo động, để tiết kiệm thời gian
3. CBất cứ khi nào có khói, kể cả khi lối thoát bị chặn
4. DKhông bao giờ; chỉ lính cứu hỏa mới được dùng bình chữa cháy

During a procedure, a nurse sees that the team is about to start without a time-out. What should the nurse do?

1. AReport it to the manager at the end of the week
2. BSpeak up clearly and stop the start until the time-out is done
3. CWait and raise the issue after the procedure is finished
4. DSay nothing, because the surgeon is responsible for the procedure

A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ASkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss
2. BThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding
3. CDigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
4. DThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function

The nurse teaches a patient about the HbA1c test. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"A lower result means less risk of damage to my eyes and kidneys"
2. B"My daily finger-stick readings still matter between the tests"
3. C"I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
4. D"The test shows my average glucose over the past few months"

Cơn co giật của bệnh nhân kéo dài hơn năm phút. Điều này có nghĩa là gì?

1. ABình thường và không cần điều trị
2. BĐặt vật gì đó vào miệng để tránh cắn lưỡi
3. CGiữ chặt tay chân để ngừng các cử động
4. DCần xử trí như tình trạng động kinh liên tục và cho thuốc cấp cứu

A patient with known cirrhosis suddenly vomits large amounts of bright red blood and becomes tachycardic. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA Mallory-Weiss tear from a small amount of vomiting
2. BA lower GI bleed from diverticular disease
3. CSwallowed blood from a nosebleed
4. DBleeding from ruptured oesophageal varices

A patient with heart failure takes furosemide once a day. When is the best time to take it?

1. AAt bedtime, so the effect lasts through the night
2. BWhenever the ankles look swollen, on those days only
3. CJust before the evening meal, with a large drink
4. DIn the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night

Một bệnh nhân dùng warfarin cho rung nhĩ được kê clarithromycin. Hành động phù hợp nhất là gì?

1. ATăng gấp đôi liều warfarin trong đợt dùng
2. BKhông đổi gì, vì kháng sinh không ảnh hưởng warfarin
3. CNgừng warfarin trong suốt đợt kháng sinh
4. DHỏi xem có nên kiểm tra INR sớm hơn không, vì INR có thể tăng

A patient taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist has severe, constant upper abdominal pain spreading to the back, with vomiting. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA simple urinary tract infection
2. BAcute pancreatitis
3. CNormal nausea from the drug
4. DLow blood glucose

A patient with a subarachnoid haemorrhage develops a low sodium. Why is fluid restriction usually avoided in this patient?

1. AFluid restriction would cause the aneurysm to re-bleed
2. BLow blood volume can worsen vasospasm and brain ischaemia
3. CLow sodium in this condition always corrects itself
4. DFluid restriction raises the risk of seizures

Which is a recognised side effect of ondansetron?

1. AHearing loss
2. BSevere hypoglycaemia
3. CConstipation
4. DHair loss

An immobile patient on opioids drinks very little. Which laxative choice is least appropriate?

1. AA stool softener with a stimulant laxative
2. BA bulk-forming laxative used on its own
3. CA stimulant laxative taken regularly
4. DAn osmotic laxative such as a macrogol