Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A nurse gives IV morphine for severe pain. When should the nurse reassess the pain and sedation?

1. AAt the next routine round in four hours
2. BOnly when the patient asks for more
3. CWithin about 15–30 minutes
4. DAt the end of the shift

A patient taking an MAO inhibitor antidepressant is taught about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will check with the pharmacist before cold remedies.”
2. B“I can still eat aged cheese and cured salami.”
3. C“A sudden severe headache is a warning sign.”
4. D“I will avoid tap beer and red wine.”

How is a urine specimen for culture obtained from an indwelling catheter?

1. ABy removing the catheter and sending its tip for culture
2. BFrom the sampling port, after cleaning it, using aseptic technique
3. CBy disconnecting the catheter from the drainage tubing
4. DFrom the urine already collected in the drainage bag at the bedside

Which patient with a suspected infection meets the qSOFA criteria that signal a higher risk of a poor outcome?

1. ARespiratory rate 24/min, new confusion, systolic BP 95 mmHg
2. BRespiratory rate 16/min, alert, systolic BP 105 mmHg, WBC 13,000/mm³
3. CRespiratory rate 20/min, alert, systolic BP 110 mmHg, heart rate 110/min
4. DRespiratory rate 18/min, alert, systolic BP 130 mmHg, temperature 38,5 °C

A patient with chronic kidney disease receives an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent such as epoetin alfa. Which assessments are most important?

1. ALiver enzymes and bilirubin
2. BSerum glucose and ketones
3. CSerum amylase and lipase
4. DHemoglobin and blood pressure

A frail older adult in a nursing home has been drinking very little during a heat wave. She is confused, and her sodium is 158 mEq/L. Which treatment would the nurse expect?

1. AStrict fluid restriction to below 800 mL a day
2. BRapid infusion of 3% saline to raise the volume
3. CA loop diuretic to remove the extra sodium quickly
4. DGradual replacement of free water over many hours

Which tool is commonly used at the bedside to screen for delirium?

1. AThe Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool
2. BThe Braden scale
3. CThe Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
4. DThe Glasgow-Blatchford score

Bệnh nhân xơ gan có bụng căng to được chọc tháo dịch ổ bụng. Vì sao có thể truyền albumin?

1. AĐể ngăn gan tạo thêm mật
2. BĐể tăng kali trong nước tiểu
3. CĐể điều trị nhiễm trùng trong dịch
4. DĐể giảm nguy cơ rối loạn tuần hoàn sau khi rút lượng dịch lớn

A 34-year-old has hypertension that is hard to control and a low serum potassium without taking diuretics. Which cause should be considered?

1. AIron-deficiency anaemia
2. BPrimary hyperaldosteronism
3. CHypothyroidism
4. DEssential hypertension of ageing

A nurse is reviewing four telemetry patients. Which rhythm needs attention first?

1. ARate-controlled atrial fibrillation at 82/min
2. BSinus bradycardia of 54/min in a patient who is asleep and comfortable
3. CRepeated runs of ventricular tachycardia in a patient who feels dizzy
4. DFirst-degree heart block with a stable blood pressure and no symptoms

Áp lực tưới máu não (CPP) được tính như thế nào?

1. AHuyết áp tâm trương trừ áp lực tĩnh mạch trung tâm
2. BHuyết áp động mạch trung bình trừ áp lực nội sọ
3. CHuyết áp tâm thu cộng áp lực nội sọ
4. DHuyết áp động mạch trung bình chia cho nhịp tim

A patient is being assessed for brain death (brainstem death). Which condition must be excluded before testing?

1. AA haemoglobin of 110 g/L (11 g/dL)
2. BA history of high blood pressure
3. CEffects of sedative drugs or severe hypothermia
4. DA previous episode of migraine

Which statement about pain in older adults is correct?

1. AOlder adults feel less pain because nerves wear out
2. BPain is a normal part of ageing and does not need any treatment at all
3. COpioids must never be used in people over 70
4. DThey may under-report pain, so active assessment is needed

A patient with bone metastases is starting regular zoledronic acid. Which advice is important?

1. ATake extra calcium only on the day of infusion
2. BAvoid all physical activity for six months
3. CStop drinking all fluids on the day of each infusion
4. DHave a dental check and report jaw pain or loose teeth