Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

Điều dưỡng nên gặp người bệnh nào trước tiên?

1. ANgười bệnh đái tháo đường típ 2 hỏi về chế độ ăn
2. BNgười bệnh viêm khớp dạng thấp lâu năm với cứng khớp buổi sáng như thường lệ
3. CNgười bệnh bệnh thận mạn sắp chạy thận vào ngày mai
4. DNgười bệnh nói ngọng mới và méo mặt bắt đầu cách đây 30 phút

An older patient has bruises of different ages and seems frightened when a relative visits. What is the nurse’s priority?

1. ATell the patient she must leave home and go to live somewhere else
2. BIgnore it, because older people bruise easily
3. CEnsure the patient’s safety, document the findings and report as required
4. DAsk the relative directly in front of the patient whether they hit her

A patient is admitted to an inpatient mental health unit. Why are personal belongings checked?

1. ATo remove items that could be used to harm self or others
2. BTo decide which family members may visit
3. CTo make a list of valuable items for insurance
4. DTo find out what the patient likes to wear during the hospital stay

A patient has a rash, and both smallpox and chickenpox are considered. Which finding suggests smallpox?

1. ALesions at different stages, most dense on the trunk
2. BA rash that is very itchy and starts on the trunk
3. CSmall crops of new lesions appearing over several days in a row
4. DLesions all at the same stage, most dense on the face and limbs

For most hospitalized adults with diabetes who are critically ill, which glucose target range is commonly recommended?

1. AAbout 250–300 mg/dL (13,9–16,7 mmol/L)
2. BAbout 140–180 mg/dL (7,8–10 mmol/L)
3. CAbout 300–350 mg/dL (16,7–19,4 mmol/L)
4. DAbout 60–80 mg/dL (3,3–4,4 mmol/L)

The nurse teaches a patient about the HbA1c test. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"The test shows my average glucose over the past few months"
2. B"My daily finger-stick readings still matter between the tests"
3. C"I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
4. D"A lower result means less risk of damage to my eyes and kidneys"

A patient has a fentanyl patch for chronic pain. Which advice is correct?

1. ACut the patch in half if the pain improves, to lower the dose
2. BApply the patch to broken skin for faster effect
3. CKeep using the old patch with the new one
4. DAvoid heat sources such as hot water bottles over the patch

A patient has new facial weakness. Which feature suggests a stroke rather than Bell's palsy?

1. AThe whole of one side of the face, including the forehead, is weak
2. BThe forehead can still be wrinkled on the affected side
3. CThe patient has pain behind the ear
4. DThe patient has had a recent cold

A woman had lymph nodes removed from her left armpit for breast cancer. Which advice helps reduce the risk of lymphoedema?

1. AAvoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
2. BKeep the left arm hanging down and as still as possible all day
3. CUse only the left arm for heavy lifting to build up its muscles
4. DApply tight jewellery to the left wrist

A 28-year-old woman taking the combined pill comes in breathless and anxious. RR is 30/min, heart rate 118/min and SpO₂ 90% on air. A colleague says it is a panic attack. What should the nurse conclude?

1. AThe saturation is normal for an anxious person who is breathing fast
2. BBreathing into a paper bag is the best first treatment for her
3. CLow oxygen saturation is not explained by anxiety; PE must be excluded
4. DShe should be sent home after a sedative

What is the main purpose of continuous bladder irrigation after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)?

1. ATo stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
2. BTo treat a urinary infection after the operation
3. CTo measure the size of the bladder
4. DTo give the patient extra fluids

A nurse teaches a patient with CKD and a high potassium about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will check food labels for added salt when I go shopping."
2. B"I will boil my potatoes and throw away the water."
3. C"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
4. D"I will keep bananas and dried fruit to a minimum."

Which task for a stable patient with an established ileostomy can usually be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AAssessing the stoma for signs of necrosis
2. BDeciding whether IV fluids are needed
3. CEmptying the pouch and measuring the output
4. DTeaching the patient about high-output risks

A patient took a large paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose 6 hours ago and says they feel completely well. Which statement is correct?

1. AFeeling well means the dose was too small to cause harm
2. BTreatment is not needed if the patient has not vomited
3. CLiver damage after paracetamol occurs only within the first hour or so
4. DLiver damage may still develop, and appears only days later