Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

Which action by a nursing assistant needs the nurse to step in?

1. ACleaning hands before entering the room
2. BLowering the bed to its lowest position and locking the wheels after care
3. CPutting the call light within the patient’s reach
4. DTaking an oral temperature just after the patient drank cold water

Bốn người bệnh đến khoa cấp cứu cùng lúc. Ai nên được khám trước?

1. AMột thiếu niên có vết cắt ở tay đã cầm máu
2. BMột người lớn bị đau nửa đầu và huyết áp 150/90 mmHg
3. CMột người lớn có cổ chân biến dạng và mạch bàn chân bình thường
4. DMột trẻ 2 tuổi chảy dãi, ngồi chồm về trước và có thở rít

Khi nào thường ngừng phòng ngừa giọt bắn đối với bệnh nhân nhiễm Neisseria meningitidis?

1. ANgay khi đã cho liều kháng sinh đầu tiên
2. BSau khi hết sốt được một giờ
3. CSau 24 giờ điều trị kháng sinh hiệu quả
4. DChỉ sau khi bệnh nhân xuất viện

A patient weighs 180 kg and needs to be moved from bed to chair. The standard ceiling lift on the unit has a lower weight limit. What should the nurse do?

1. AUse bariatric-rated equipment and enough trained staff
2. BHave two staff lift the patient by hand
3. CAsk the patient to stand and pivot without help
4. DUse the standard lift, because limits include a safety margin

Một người bệnh có hematocrit 54%, BUN cao và tỷ trọng nước tiểu 1,034. Mẫu này gợi ý điều gì?

1. AQuá tải dịch
2. BMất máu cấp với pha loãng
3. CSuy thận với nước tiểu loãng
4. DMất nước với máu cô đặc

A patient with kidney stones and fatigue has a calcium of 11,6 mg/dL (2,9 mmol/L), a high parathyroid hormone (PTH) and a low phosphate. Which condition is most likely?

1. APrimary hyperparathyroidism
2. BVitamin D deficiency
3. CCancer-related hypercalcemia
4. DHypoparathyroidism

A rising serum creatinine most often indicates:

1. AIncreased muscle strength
2. BImproved liver function
3. CDehydration of the skin only
4. DReduced kidney function

A patient two days after abdominal surgery coughs and says something "gave way". The wound has opened and bowel is visible. What should the nurse do first?

1. AApply dry gauze tightly and ask the patient to keep coughing
2. BGently push the bowel back into the abdomen and tape the wound edges firmly closed
3. CSit the patient fully upright and offer a hot drink
4. DCover the wound with sterile, saline-moistened dressings and get urgent surgical help

Where is the V1 electrode placed for a 12-lead ECG?

1. AOver the left nipple
2. BJust below the left collarbone
3. CThe fourth intercostal space just right of the sternum
4. DThe fifth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line

A conscious adult in the dining room is suddenly unable to speak, cough or breathe after a mouthful of food. What should the nurse do first?

1. ASweep blindly in the mouth with a finger
2. BUp to five back blows, then up to five abdominal thrusts if needed
3. CEncourage them to drink a glass of water to wash the food down
4. DLie them down on the floor and start chest compressions immediately

A patient with type 1 diabetes plans a long cycle ride. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ACheck glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate
2. BSkip breakfast so the exercise burns body fat
3. CTake an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin before setting off
4. DAvoid checking glucose until the ride is over

A patient with motor neurone disease reports morning headaches, poor sleep and sleepiness during the day. What do these symptoms suggest?

1. AA side effect of riluzole, which should be stopped straight away by the nurse
2. BWeak breathing at night, so a review for ventilation support
3. CLow mood, which should be treated with an antidepressant first
4. DNormal tiredness that needs no specific action

Giai đoạn nào của lành vết thương liên quan đến sự hình thành mô hạt và mạch máu mới?

1. AGiai đoạn cầm máu (đông máu)
2. BGiai đoạn tăng sinh
3. CGiai đoạn viêm
4. DGiai đoạn trưởng thành

A patient with advanced cancer who has capacity decides to stop chemotherapy. The family insists that treatment must continue. What should the nurse do?

1. AContinue treatment because the family has asked for it
2. BSupport the patient's decision and help the team talk with the family
3. CTell the patient that stopping is not allowed
4. DAsk the family to sign a new consent form