Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A patient with mild dysphagia after a stroke is eating. Which technique helps make swallowing safer?

1. ADrinking thin fluids quickly through a straw between bites
2. BTalking while eating to stay alert
3. CLying flat with the head tilted back
4. DSitting upright with the chin tucked down while swallowing

After surgery, a patient who has taken long-term steroids becomes hypotensive and weak, and the blood pressure does not rise with IV fluids. Which problem should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal tiredness after anesthesia
2. BAn allergic reaction to the anesthetic
3. CFluid overload from too much IV fluid
4. DAdrenal crisis from steroid withdrawal

Before a blood transfusion is started, which check is required?

1. AOne nurse checks the blood product against the order at the nurses’ station
2. BThe nurse checks only that the bag number matches the order
3. CThe patient signs the blood bag label to confirm their name before it is hung
4. DThe patient’s identity is checked against the blood product and its paperwork at the bedside

A nurse teaches the daughter of a patient with moderate Alzheimer’s disease about home safety. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“We put locks high up on the outside doors.”
2. B“I keep her medicines locked away and give each dose to her myself.”
3. C“I let Mom cook alone on the gas stove because she enjoys it.”
4. D“She wears an ID bracelet in case she gets lost.”

Vì sao người bệnh bệnh thận mạn thường bị thiếu máu?

1. AThận tạo ra ít erythropoietin hơn, hormone thúc đẩy sản xuất hồng cầu
2. BThận bị tổn thương lọc bỏ và phá hủy hồng cầu
3. CKali cao trong bệnh thận phá vỡ hồng cầu
4. DĐộc tố urê huyết làm tủy xương sản xuất bạch cầu thay vì hồng cầu

Một người bệnh suy tim có BNP rất cao khi nhập viện và nay đang giảm sau điều trị thuốc lợi tiểu. Điều này nhiều khả năng cho thấy gì?

1. ATim ít bị căng giãn hơn, phù hợp với sự cải thiện
2. BPhải ngừng thuốc lợi tiểu ngay
3. CSuy thận mới do thuốc lợi tiểu
4. DSuy tim nặng lên, cần thêm dịch

Bệnh nhân đang dùng warfarin có INR cao xa khoảng mục tiêu và bầm tím. Thuốc nào có thể được kê để đảo ngược tác dụng?

1. ANaloxone
2. BVitamin K
3. CAspirin
4. DProtamine sulfate

Four call bells ring at the same time. Which patient should the nurse see first?

1. AA patient who needs help to go to the toilet and has rung twice
2. BA patient who has just become breathless after starting an IV antibiotic
3. CA patient asking what time they will be discharged
4. DA patient asking for pain relief for chronic back pain that they rate as 3/10

Which patient is most typical of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

1. AAn older woman with long-standing heart failure
2. BA middle-aged woman with high blood pressure
3. CA tall, thin young man who smokes
4. DA child with a viral sore throat

A patient with pneumonia has a heart rate of 118/min, BP 86/50 mmHg, RR 28/min and a high lactate. Sepsis is recognised. Which action should not be delayed?

1. AWait for the sputum culture result before choosing an antibiotic
2. BTake blood cultures and give IV antibiotics within the first hour
3. CDelay fluids until a chest X-ray has been reported
4. DGive oral antibiotics and reassess the next day

A patient on insulin asks about drinking alcohol. Which advice is correct?

1. AAlcohol raises glucose, so extra insulin should be taken first
2. BAlcohol has no effect on blood glucose in people with diabetes
3. CAlcohol should replace a meal on the days it is drunk
4. DAlcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it

Một bệnh nhân tăng áp lực nội sọ cần hút đờm qua nội khí quản. Cách tiếp cận nào phù hợp nhất?

1. ACho thở oxy trước, mỗi lần hút ngắn và hạn chế số lần hút
2. BHút ít nhất 30 giây để làm sạch hết đờm một lần
3. CHút mỗi 15 phút thường quy, dù không có đờm
4. DCho bệnh nhân nằm phẳng, đầu quay sang bên khi hút

Which advice may help reduce the risk of a parastomal hernia after stoma surgery?

1. ADo intensive sit-ups from the first week
2. BStrain hard on the toilet each day to strengthen the abdominal muscles
3. CKeep the stoma bag as full as possible
4. DAvoid heavy lifting early on and use support garments as advised

In week 5 of radiotherapy, the skin in the treatment field is broken, moist and painful. What should the nurse do?

1. AReport it, keep it clean and use a non-adherent dressing
2. BUse a heat pad to speed healing
3. CApply adhesive tape directly over the area to protect it from clothing
4. DScrub the area with soap to prevent infection