Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A nurse teaches a patient about levothyroxine. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will keep taking it even when I feel well.”
2. B“I will take it at the same time each morning.”
3. C“I will take it at breakfast with my calcium tablet.”
4. D“I will take it on an empty stomach with a glass of water.”

A patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome has weakness that is spreading up from the legs. Which assessment has the highest priority?

1. AThe patient’s mood and coping
2. BMuscle strength in the feet and ankles at the start of each morning
3. CBreathing strength, such as vital capacity and the ability to cough
4. DSkin condition over the heels

Why are patients on long-term corticosteroids at higher risk from infections?

1. ASteroids suppress the immune response and can hide signs of infection
2. BSteroids kill the patient’s normal skin bacteria
3. CSteroids only affect the risk of fungal skin rashes
4. DSteroids make the patient’s blood more acidic, which helps bacteria grow

Một khoa để các lọ kali chloride đậm đặc trong tủ thuốc dự trữ chung của khoa. Vì sao nhiều hướng dẫn an toàn khuyên không nên làm vậy?

1. ALọ kali chloride hết hạn trong vòng một ngày sau khi mở
2. BKali chloride quá đắt để dự trữ chung ở khoa
3. CCho nhầm dung dịch đậm đặc chưa pha loãng có thể làm ngừng tim
4. DKali chloride luôn phải dùng đường uống

When should a blood sample for a digoxin level be drawn to be interpreted correctly?

1. AAt least 6–8 hours after a dose, often just before the next one
2. BAt any time, because digoxin levels do not change during the day
3. COnly after a meal, because food is needed for absorption
4. DWithin 30 minutes after an oral dose to show the peak level

A patient has a hemoglobin of 11,2 g/dL (112 g/L), an MCV of 64 fL, a normal ferritin and a normal-to-high red cell count. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThalassemia trait
2. BAcute blood loss
3. CVitamin B₁₂ deficiency
4. DIron deficiency

Long-term amiodarone treatment can affect which of the following?

1. AThe sense of smell and taste only, with no other effects
2. BBlood glucose and cholesterol only
3. CThyroid function, the lungs and the skin's sensitivity to sunlight
4. DHair colour and nail growth only, with no effect on organs

Nhóm phát hiện nào phân biệt tốt nhất sốc tim với sốc giảm thể tích?

1. ANhịp tim nhanh, hạ huyết áp và mạch ngoại vi yếu, nhỏ như sợi chỉ
2. BLượng nước tiểu giảm
3. CDa lạnh, nhợt
4. DÁp lực tĩnh mạch cảnh tăng và ran nổ ở phổi

A patient with COPD is prescribed long-term oxygen therapy. How many hours a day is it usually needed to improve survival?

1. AAt least 15 hours a day
2. BAbout one hour each morning
3. COnly during meals
4. DOnly when walking outside

A patient on a morphine PCA after surgery is very drowsy, with a respiratory rate of 7/min and pinpoint pupils. SpO₂ is 89%. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStop the PCA, support breathing, give oxygen and get naloxone
2. BEncourage the patient to keep pressing the PCA button for comfort
3. CLeave the patient to sleep and recheck the observations in an hour
4. DGive a sedative to keep the patient comfortable

Bộ kết quả nào ủng hộ DKA hơn là HHS?

1. ACeton bình thường và bicarbonate bình thường
2. BGlucose trên 30 mmol/L với pH bình thường
3. CCeton cao, pH dưới 7,3 và bicarbonate thấp
4. DÁp lực thẩm thấu rất cao với chỉ vết ceton trong máu

A patient with an insulin pump is admitted with nausea, a glucose of 19 mmol/L (342 mg/dL) and blood ketones of 3,1 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. AIncrease the pump rate and recheck the ketones in 12 hours
2. BSuspect failed insulin delivery and give insulin by another route
3. CGive an antiemetic only, because nausea is causing the high glucose
4. DDisconnect the pump and give no insulin until the ketones clear

Rối loạn điện giải nào có thể góp phần gây liệt ruột sau mổ?

1. ATăng natri máu
2. BHạ kali máu
3. CTăng phosphate máu
4. DTăng kali máu

A patient has a category (stage) 2 pressure ulcer on the sacrum. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AMassage around the wound every hour to stimulate blood flow to the skin
2. BOffload the area, manage moisture, support nutrition and dress it
3. CLeave it uncovered and dry it with a hair dryer
4. DSit the patient upright in a chair for most of the day