Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

Trong phân loại START tại hiện trường thương vong hàng loạt, một nạn nhân có thể đi đến khu vực chỉ định khi được yêu cầu. Nạn nhân được xếp loại nào?

1. AXanh lá (nhẹ)
2. BĐen (chờ đợi)
3. CVàng (trì hoãn)
4. DĐỏ (cấp cứu ngay)

A patient taking an MAO inhibitor antidepressant is taught about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“A sudden severe headache is a warning sign.”
2. B“I will check with the pharmacist before cold remedies.”
3. C“I can still eat aged cheese and cured salami.”
4. D“I will avoid tap beer and red wine.”

Which technique is used for suctioning a tracheostomy in hospital?

1. ASterile technique, with a sterile catheter and sterile glove
2. BNo gloves at all, because the airway already contains bacteria
3. CClean technique, reusing the catheter during the shift
4. DClean technique, with the catheter rinsed in tap water

A toddler has bruises of different ages and a burn, and the parent’s explanation does not fit the injuries. What should the nurse do?

1. AReport the concern following child-protection (safeguarding) procedures
2. BWait until there is clear proof of abuse before reporting anything at all
3. CConfront the parent and ask them to admit to abuse
4. DDocument only and say nothing to anyone

Why must a blue-top (citrate) coagulation tube be filled to the correct level?

1. AThe blood-to-anticoagulant ratio must be right for accurate clotting times
2. BAn overfull tube is needed to measure the potassium level
3. CThe laboratory charges extra when a tube is not filled correctly
4. DUnderfilled tubes always give a falsely low hemoglobin and hematocrit

A patient with kidney stones and fatigue has a calcium of 11,6 mg/dL (2,9 mmol/L), a high parathyroid hormone (PTH) and a low phosphate. Which condition is most likely?

1. AVitamin D deficiency
2. BHypoparathyroidism
3. CCancer-related hypercalcemia
4. DPrimary hyperparathyroidism

A very anxious patient breathes rapidly for a long period. Which change is expected?

1. ARespiratory acidosis from a high PaCO₂
2. BMetabolic acidosis from a low bicarbonate
3. CMetabolic alkalosis from vomiting
4. DRespiratory alkalosis from a low PaCO₂

A patient with a central venous catheter develops fever and rigors shortly after the line is flushed, with no other obvious source. What should be suspected?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the saline flush
2. BA pulmonary embolism
3. CA catheter-related bloodstream infection
4. DNormal response to line use

How should a patient breathe in when using a pressurised metered-dose inhaler without a spacer?

1. AIn short gasps through the nose while pressing the canister
2. BAs hard and fast as possible, then press the canister afterwards
3. CSlowly and deeply while pressing the canister, then hold the breath
4. DNormally, while breathing out through the mouthpiece

A patient with severe chronic kidney disease needs therapeutic anticoagulation for a DVT. Why might unfractionated heparin be chosen instead of a low-molecular-weight heparin?

1. AUnfractionated heparin has no bleeding risk at all
2. BUnfractionated heparin is taken by mouth
3. CLMWH cannot be given to anyone over 60
4. DLMWH is cleared by the kidneys and can accumulate

Nhận định nào về trạng thái tăng áp lực thẩm thấu tăng đường huyết (HHS) là đúng?

1. ALuôn gây ceton máu cao và toan chuyển hóa nặng
2. BKhởi phát trong vài phút và ít nguy hiểm hơn DKA
3. CChủ yếu gặp ở trẻ nhỏ đái tháo đường type 1
4. DChủ yếu ảnh hưởng người cao tuổi đái tháo đường type 2, trong nhiều ngày

A patient with a known ureteric stone develops a fever of 39 °C (102,2 °F) and rigors. Scanning shows a blocked, swollen kidney. What is needed?

1. AA fluid restriction to reduce the swelling
2. BStrong pain relief alone, then discharge
3. CUrgent drainage of the kidney plus IV antibiotics
4. DOral antibiotics and waiting for the stone to pass

Why is an ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) measured before compression bandaging for a leg ulcer?

1. ATo exclude significant arterial disease
2. BTo find out how deep the ulcer is
3. CTo find the bacteria in the wound
4. DTo check for a leg bone fracture

Một bệnh nhân được cứu khỏi đám cháy nhà có SpO₂ 99% khi thở khí phòng nhưng đau đầu, lú lẫn và môi đỏ như quả anh đào. Điều dưỡng nên làm gì?

1. ACho thở oxy 2 L/phút qua ống thông mũi và kiểm tra lại sau một giờ
2. BTháo oxy vì độ bão hòa oxy hoàn toàn bình thường
3. CĐiều trị đau đầu bằng paracetamol và theo dõi bệnh nhân qua đêm
4. DCho thở oxy 100% qua mặt nạ không thở lại và yêu cầu đo carboxyhemoglobin