Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A nurse teaches a patient with COPD pursed-lip breathing. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will breathe in through my mouth and out quickly through my nose.”
2. B“I will make my breath out about twice as long as my breath in.”
3. C“I will breathe out slowly through pursed lips.”
4. D“I will breathe in slowly through my nose.”

A trauma patient has an open leg fracture, absent breath sounds on one side, a trachea shifted to the other side and a falling blood pressure. Which problem is the priority?

1. AThe pain from the fracture
2. BThe risk of wound infection
3. CThe suspected tension pneumothorax
4. DThe open fracture of the leg

Khi nào thường ngừng phòng ngừa giọt bắn đối với bệnh nhân nhiễm Neisseria meningitidis?

1. ASau 24 giờ điều trị kháng sinh hiệu quả
2. BChỉ sau khi bệnh nhân xuất viện
3. CSau khi hết sốt được một giờ
4. DNgay khi đã cho liều kháng sinh đầu tiên

A nurse cannot find a confused patient who was in their room 15 minutes ago. What should the nurse do first?

1. AAlert staff and security at once, following the missing-patient procedure
2. BCall the family to ask whether the patient has gone home on their own
3. CWait an hour in case the patient comes back
4. DDocument the absence at the end of the shift

Một người bệnh hội chứng tiết hormone chống bài niệu không thích hợp (SIADH) có natri 128 mEq/L. Điều dưỡng mong đợi biện pháp nào được kê?

1. AHạn chế dịch
2. BChế độ ăn ít natri
3. CTruyền lượng lớn glucose 5% tĩnh mạch
4. DKhuyến khích uống thêm nước

An older adult has bone pain, fatigue and frequent infections. Results show anemia, a calcium of 12,4 mg/dL (3,1 mmol/L), a raised total protein and a rising creatinine. Which condition should be suspected?

1. AAcute viral hepatitis
2. BMultiple myeloma
3. CPrimary hypothyroidism
4. DIron-deficiency anemia

Which side effects are common after high doses of salbutamol (albuterol)?

1. AConstipation and urinary retention
2. BBradycardia and drowsiness
3. CHair loss and weight gain
4. DTremor and a fast heart rate

A patient with a COPD exacerbation remains acidotic with a high PaCO₂ despite optimal medical treatment and controlled oxygen. Which treatment is usually considered next?

1. ANon-invasive ventilation
2. BStopping all oxygen therapy
3. CSedation to slow the breathing
4. D15 L/min oxygen via a non-rebreathe mask

When should an adult with cystic fibrosis take pancreatic enzyme capsules?

1. AOnly at bedtime
2. BWith all meals and snacks that contain fat
3. COnly when they have diarrhoea
4. DOnce a day on waking, at least an hour before any food

A patient with severe sepsis becomes increasingly breathless over 24 hours. SpO₂ stays low despite high-flow oxygen, and the chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates. The heart function is normal. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAcute respiratory distress syndrome
2. BAn acute asthma attack
3. CAcute left ventricular failure after an MI
4. DSpontaneous pneumothorax

A patient with migraine takes painkillers or triptans on most days and now has a headache almost every day. What is the likely problem?

1. AAn allergy to the painkillers
2. BMedication overuse headache
3. CNormal progress of migraine
4. DA brain tumour, which is almost certain

A patient has fever, confusion, odd behaviour and a new seizure. Herpes simplex encephalitis is suspected. Which drug is usually started straight away?

1. AIV insulin
2. BOral amoxicillin
3. COral prednisolone
4. DIV aciclovir

Lời khuyên ăn uống nào giảm nguy cơ tắc ở bệnh nhân mới mở thông hồi tràng?

1. AĂn nhiều hạt từ ngày đầu tiên
2. BUống rất ít dịch để dịch thải đặc
3. CNhai kỹ, và đưa thức ăn nhiều xơ vào từ từ
4. DNuốt nhanh mà không nhai nhiều

A patient with diabetes on continuous enteral feeding and an insulin regimen has the feed stopped for a procedure. What is the main concern?

1. ADiarrhoea from stopping the feed suddenly
2. BHypoglycaemia if insulin continues without the feed
3. CHyperglycaemia because the stomach is empty
4. DRefeeding syndrome from too much glucose