Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A patient with asthma has two inhalers: a corticosteroid and salbutamol (albuterol). Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will use my steroid inhaler every day, even when I feel well.”
2. B“I will use my steroid inhaler when I have a sudden attack.”
3. C“I will carry my salbutamol inhaler with me.”
4. D“I will rinse my mouth after using the steroid inhaler.”

A dehydrated child is to receive IV fluids with added potassium. Which finding should the nurse confirm first?

1. AThat the child is passing urine
2. BThat the child can walk without help
3. CThat the child’s temperature is normal
4. DThat the child is hungry

A patient is booked for an MRI scan. What must the nurse check beforehand?

1. AWhether the patient’s blood glucose has been in the normal range today
2. BWhether the patient has had a hearing test this year
3. CWhether the patient has any metal implants or devices, such as a pacemaker
4. DWhether the patient has eaten a large meal recently

A nurse calculates a child’s prescribed dose and finds it is ten times higher than the usual dose for the child’s weight. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive half the dose and watch the child closely
2. BHold the dose and verify it with the prescriber and pharmacist
3. CGive one-tenth of the dose without telling anyone about it
4. DGive it, because the prescriber must have a reason

A patient has taken a proton pump inhibitor (such as omeprazole) for many years and now has muscle cramps and tremor. Which electrolyte is most likely to be low?

1. ASodium
2. BPhosphate
3. CMagnesium
4. DChloride

Một người bệnh đến viện 30 phút sau khi nôn ra nhiều máu. Nhịp tim 125 lần/phút, nhưng hemoglobin đầu tiên là 13,0 g/dL (130 g/L). Vì sao kết quả hemoglobin này gây hiểu lầm?

1. AMất máu toàn phần nên nồng độ chỉ giảm sau vài giờ
2. BXét nghiệm này không bao giờ chính xác trong tình huống cấp cứu
3. CHemoglobin tăng khi chảy máu, nên che lấp lượng máu mất
4. DGiá trị này chứng tỏ không có chảy máu đáng kể

Which group of symptoms suggests hypothyroidism?

1. ATiredness, weight gain and feeling cold
2. BExcessive thirst and passing large volumes of urine
3. CWeight loss, heat intolerance and tremor
4. DFever, neck stiffness and photophobia

After a high spinal cord injury, a patient has low blood pressure with a slow heart rate and warm, dry skin. What is most likely?

1. AHypovolaemic shock
2. BSeptic shock
3. CNeurogenic shock
4. DCardiac tamponade

How does ezetimibe lower cholesterol?

1. AIt blocks cholesterol production by enzymes in the liver
2. BIt dissolves plaques already in the arteries
3. CIt increases cholesterol loss in the urine
4. DIt reduces absorption of cholesterol from the gut

On day 2 after a surgical tracheostomy, the tube falls out. The patient is breathing but distressed. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACall for expert help and give oxygen to both the face and the stoma
2. BForce the tube back through the stoma immediately with firm pressure
3. CCover the stoma completely with a sealed dressing and wait for help
4. DLeave the patient alone while fetching a new tube

Which complication is a particular risk in nephrotic syndrome?

1. AVenous thrombosis
2. BHypoglycaemia
3. CBleeding from low platelets
4. DLow cholesterol

A patient with CKD has a potassium of 6,5 mmol/L. Which medicine combination is the most likely contributor?

1. ARamipril, spironolactone and trimethoprim
2. BParacetamol (acetaminophen), omeprazole and senna
3. CAmlodipine, simvastatin and aspirin
4. DFurosemide, salbutamol and insulin

What does "neoadjuvant" treatment mean?

1. ATreatment that is given only after the cancer has already spread
2. BTreatment that is given instead of any surgery
3. CTreatment given only for pain relief
4. DTreatment before the main treatment, often to shrink the tumour

After signing the consent form, a patient tells the nurse, "I don't really understand what they are going to do." What should the nurse do?

1. AReassure the patient that the surgeon knows best
2. BInform the surgeon so that the procedure can be explained again
3. CExplain the surgical risks in detail without involving the surgeon
4. DIgnore the comment because the form is already signed