Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

Một người bệnh đột ngột chảy máu cam, tỉnh táo và thở bình thường. Điều dưỡng làm gì trước tiên?

1. ABảo người bệnh xì mũi mạnh để loại cục máu
2. BCho người bệnh nằm ngửa phẳng với gối dưới đầu gối
3. CCho người bệnh ngồi dậy, cúi người về phía trước và bóp phần mềm của mũi
4. DNgửa đầu ra sau và chườm đá vào gáy

A patient is deteriorating quickly. The nurse has called the provider twice, but the provider has not come. What is the best action?

1. AWait another hour and call the provider again
2. BActivate the rapid response team
3. CDocument the concern and continue routine care
4. DAsk the patient’s family to call the provider

A patient in bed has a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. What should the nurse do?

1. ATurn the patient on their side and protect them from injury without restraining
2. BHold the arms and legs firmly to stop the movements
3. CPut a padded tongue blade between the teeth to protect the tongue from biting
4. DGive sips of water to keep the airway moist

The fire alarm sounds, but the nurse does not know where the fire is. What should the nurse do?

1. AEvacuate all patients down the stairs at once, starting with those in bed
2. BOpen all doors so patients can be seen easily
3. CClose the doors to patient rooms, stay on the unit and wait for instructions
4. DLeave the unit and the building to find out where the fire is

A patient has a calcium of 11,8 mg/dL (2,95 mmol/L) from bone metastases. Which nursing measure is appropriate?

1. AGive calcium carbonate antacids for nausea
2. BEncourage fluids and mobility as tolerated
3. CEncourage bed rest and limit oral fluids
4. DOffer extra milk and cheese at each meal

During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops a rising end-tidal CO₂, muscle rigidity and tachycardia, then a high potassium and a rising temperature. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAcute hemolytic transfusion reaction
2. BMalignant hyperthermia
3. CHypovolemic shock
4. DHypoglycemia from fasting

Why are patients with atrial fibrillation often given anticoagulants?

1. ATo lower the blood pressure
2. BTo slow the heart rate directly and prevent palpitations
3. CTo convert the rhythm back to normal
4. DTo reduce the risk of stroke from clots in the atria

A patient faints during cannulation, with a slow pulse and pallor, and recovers quickly when laid flat. There is no rash, wheeze or swelling. What is most likely?

1. AA hypoglycaemic coma
2. BAnaphylaxis
3. CVasovagal syncope
4. DA stroke

Lời khuyên nào giúp phòng huyết khối tĩnh mạch sâu trong chuyến bay dài hoặc sau phẫu thuật?

1. ANgồi vắt chéo chân cho thoải mái
2. BTập cử động cổ chân đều đặn và uống đủ nước
3. CUống ít nước để khỏi phải đứng dậy đi vệ sinh
4. DĐeo dây thun chặt ngay dưới gối

A patient with crushing chest pain has ST elevation in leads V1–V4. Which coronary artery is most likely blocked?

1. AThe left subclavian artery
2. BThe right coronary artery and its branches
3. CThe left anterior descending artery
4. DThe circumflex artery

A patient takes an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. APause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
2. BKeep taking it as normal, whatever the illness
3. CStop drinking fluids while taking the drug
4. DDouble the dose during illness to control the glucose

Một bệnh nhân đột quỵ thiếu máu cục bộ cấp không phải ứng viên tiêu huyết khối. Ngày 1 huyết áp 190/100 mmHg, không có cấp cứu nào khác. Điều gì nhìn chung là phù hợp?

1. AHạ nhanh xuống 110/70 mmHg bằng thuốc tĩnh mạch
2. BCho bệnh nhân nằm phẳng và truyền nhanh nhiều dịch
3. CTránh hạ mạnh và theo mục tiêu của đội đột quỵ
4. DXịt nitrate mỗi 5 phút đến khi dưới 120 mmHg

A patient on warfarin is booked for elective surgery with a high bleeding risk. What is usual practice?

1. ADouble the dose for a week so the blood is ready for surgery
2. BStop it about 5 days before and check the INR
3. CSwap to aspirin on the morning of surgery
4. DTake the usual dose on the morning of surgery

A patient with facial burns from a house fire was talking normally on arrival. Two hours later, the voice is hoarse and there is stridor. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a warm drink to soothe the throat
2. BEncourage the patient to rest the voice and reassess tomorrow
3. CLay the patient flat to help them sleep
4. DCall for urgent anaesthetic help, as the airway is swelling