Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A patient receives hemodialysis this morning. Which type of medication is often held before dialysis, as prescribed?

1. AAntihypertensive drugs
2. BInhaled bronchodilators
3. CEye drops for glaucoma
4. DTopical skin creams

Một người bệnh đang nhận dinh dưỡng tĩnh mạch qua đường trung tâm. Phát hiện nào cần hành động ngay?

1. AĐường huyết 150 mg/dL (8,3 mmol/L) khi dịch truyền đang chạy
2. BTăng cân 0,2 kg từ hôm qua
3. CBăng khô, nguyên vẹn trên đường truyền
4. DĐổ mồ hôi, run và đường huyết 62 mg/dL (3,4 mmol/L) sau khi dịch truyền bất ngờ ngừng

A patient has a weak left leg. Which instruction about using a cane is correct?

1. AHold the cane in the right hand, on the stronger side
2. BHold the cane in the left hand, on the weaker side
3. CMove the cane and the right leg forward together
4. DKeep the cane well out to the side, away from the body

A nurse who is not immune to chickenpox was exposed to a patient with varicella before precautions began. What usually happens?

1. AThe nurse continues working with all patients as usual, including newborns
2. BThe nurse only needs to wear gloves for the next month
3. CThe nurse must take a two-week course of antibiotics to prevent the infection
4. DThe nurse is assessed and kept from patient contact during the incubation period per policy

Một người bệnh dùng warfarin cho rung nhĩ có INR 1,4. Điều này có nghĩa là gì?

1. ANgười bệnh không cần dùng warfarin nữa
2. BLiều hoàn toàn đúng và không cần thay đổi
3. CMức chống đông dưới mục tiêu, nên dễ hình thành cục máu đông và đột quỵ hơn
4. DNgười bệnh có nguy cơ chảy máu cao và cần vitamin K ngay

A patient with long-term heavy alcohol use is admitted with alcohol withdrawal. Which group of electrolyte problems is most common?

1. ALow magnesium, low phosphate and low potassium
2. BLow chloride, high bicarbonate and high calcium
3. CHigh magnesium, high phosphate and high potassium
4. DHigh sodium, high calcium and high glucose

A nurse finds a patient lying on the floor beside the bed. What should be done first?

1. APhone the patient's family
2. BCheck the patient for injuries before moving them
3. CComplete the incident report form
4. DLift the patient straight back into bed so they are comfortable

A nurse teaches a patient with diabetes about foot care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will wear well-fitting shoes."
2. B"I will check my feet every day for cuts or blisters."
3. C"I will walk barefoot at home to toughen my feet."
4. D"I will see the podiatrist about hard skin."

Unless fluids are restricted, why are patients with pneumonia encouraged to drink plenty?

1. ATo flush the bacteria out through the urine
2. BTo lower the temperature by diluting the blood plasma
3. CTo make the cough completely stop
4. DTo prevent dehydration and keep secretions thinner

During a cardiac arrest, the monitor shows an organised rhythm, but there is no pulse. What should the team do?

1. ADeliver an unsynchronised shock at once and then check the pulse
2. BGive adenosine to slow the rhythm down
3. CStop CPR, because an organised rhythm on the monitor means recovery
4. DContinue CPR and give adrenaline (epinephrine), as the rhythm is non-shockable

A nurse is teaching a patient going home after a mild concussion. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"A few drinks tonight will help me relax and sleep."
2. B"Someone will stay with me for the first night."
3. C"I will return if my headache gets steadily worse."
4. D"I will come back if I start vomiting again and again."

A 66-year-old smoker has had two episodes of painless red urine. Urine cultures are negative. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AAnother course of antibiotics for a UTI
2. BAdvise more fluids and review in a year
3. CReassure him, because the blood has stopped
4. DUrgent referral for cystoscopy and imaging

Why do patients usually have a dental review before radiotherapy to the head and neck?

1. AIt causes dry mouth and raises the risk of decay and jaw damage
2. BRadiotherapy can only be given once all the teeth have been removed
3. CThe dentist gives the radiotherapy
4. DTeeth block the radiation beam completely

Một người lớn nặng 70 kg bị bỏng 40% tổng diện tích da. Theo công thức Parkland, dịch tinh thể 24 giờ đầu thường được chia như thế nào?

1. AToàn bộ trong giờ đầu, rồi chỉ dịch uống trong phần còn lại của ngày
2. BMột nửa trong 8 giờ đầu tính từ lúc bị bỏng, một nửa trong 16 giờ tiếp theo
3. CLượng đều mỗi giờ trong 24 giờ, tính từ lúc đến bệnh viện
4. DMột phần tư trong 8 giờ đầu tính từ lúc đến, phần còn lại trong 16 giờ