Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A patient is booked for a CT scan with iodinated contrast. Which of the patient’s medications may need to be held according to protocol?

1. AOmeprazole
2. BAcetaminophen (paracetamol)
3. CMetformin
4. DLevothyroxine

A patient with septic shock remains hypotensive, with a mean arterial pressure of 58 mmHg, after adequate IV fluids. What should the nurse anticipate?

1. AA vasopressor, such as norepinephrine, to raise the pressure
2. BA beta-blocker to slow the heart rate
3. CAn oral fluid challenge with a sports drink
4. DA loop diuretic to remove the extra fluid that has been given

Before a blood transfusion is started, which check is required?

1. AOne nurse checks the blood product against the order at the nurses’ station
2. BThe nurse checks only that the bag number matches the order
3. CThe patient’s identity is checked against the blood product and its paperwork at the bedside
4. DThe patient signs the blood bag label to confirm their name before it is hung

A patient weighs 180 kg and needs to be moved from bed to chair. The standard ceiling lift on the unit has a lower weight limit. What should the nurse do?

1. AAsk the patient to stand and pivot without help
2. BHave two staff lift the patient by hand
3. CUse bariatric-rated equipment and enough trained staff
4. DUse the standard lift, because limits include a safety margin

For most hospitalized adults with diabetes who are critically ill, which glucose target range is commonly recommended?

1. AAbout 60–80 mg/dL (3,3–4,4 mmol/L)
2. BAbout 250–300 mg/dL (13,9–16,7 mmol/L)
3. CAbout 300–350 mg/dL (16,7–19,4 mmol/L)
4. DAbout 140–180 mg/dL (7,8–10 mmol/L)

A patient with a large, fast-growing lymphoma will start chemotherapy tomorrow. Which plan best prevents tumor lysis syndrome?

1. ANo special measures, because the risk starts only after a week
2. BCalcium supplements and a high-phosphate diet during treatment
3. CFluid restriction and a high-potassium diet before the treatment
4. DIV hydration, a uric acid-lowering drug and frequent electrolytes

Compared with a colostomy, a patient with an ileostomy is at greater risk of:

1. AHard stools, straining and constipation from slow transit
2. BUrinary retention
3. CLow blood glucose after meals
4. DDehydration and electrolyte loss from liquid output

Why must blood samples for a cross-match be labelled at the bedside immediately after they are taken?

1. ATo prevent "wrong blood in tube" errors that can cause fatal reactions
2. BTo speed up the laboratory's computer system and reduce the waiting time
3. CTo keep the sample warm so the cells do not break down in transit
4. DTo let the patient sign the label

Vì sao bệnh nhân COPD nặng được khuyến khích ăn bữa nhỏ, nhiều lần?

1. ABữa ăn thường xuyên phòng trực tiếp nhiễm trùng ngực
2. BBữa nhỏ làm giảm tần suất cần dùng thuốc hít
3. CBữa ăn lớn làm đường thở hẹp vĩnh viễn
4. DDạ dày đầy hạn chế cơ hoành và ăn gây mệt

A one-way speaking valve is fitted to a patient's tracheostomy tube while the cuff is still inflated. What is the danger?

1. AThe patient will speak too loudly
2. BThe valve will humidify the air too much
3. CThe patient cannot breathe out and may suffocate
4. DThere is no danger, as the valve works with any cuff

A patient with atrial fibrillation has had an ischaemic stroke. Which long-term medicine type most reduces the risk of another stroke?

1. AA loop diuretic
2. BA proton pump inhibitor
3. CA beta-agonist inhaler
4. DAn oral anticoagulant

A patient with a cervical spinal cord injury is helped to sit up for the first time. They become dizzy and pale, and the BP falls from 110/70 to 78/46 mmHg. What should the nurse do?

1. AContinue sitting them upright, because it will pass in an hour
2. BStand the patient up to improve the blood flow to the legs
3. CLower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
4. DGive a large meal and a strong coffee to raise the blood pressure

What is TENS?

1. AA strong opioid given through the skin as a weekly adhesive patch
2. BA pain score used for babies
3. CA device that sends mild electrical pulses through skin pads
4. DA type of epidural catheter inserted in theatre

A patient on warfarin has a major upper GI bleed with an INR of 5. Which treatment should the nurse anticipate to reverse the warfarin?

1. AProthrombin complex concentrate with IV vitamin K
2. BProtamine sulfate on its own
3. COral aspirin to balance the clotting system quickly
4. DMore warfarin to stabilise the INR