Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

Một điều dưỡng nhờ phụ tá điều dưỡng "đánh giá cơn đau của người bệnh và quyết định xem người bệnh có cần thêm thuốc không". Điều "đúng" nào của ủy quyền bị vi phạm?

1. AĐúng giám sát và đánh giá
2. BĐúng người
3. CĐúng hoàn cảnh
4. DĐúng nhiệm vụ

An RN sees an LPN/LVN crushing an extended-release metoprolol tablet to mix with applesauce. What should the RN do?

1. ALet the LPN/LVN continue, since crushing makes the tablet easier to swallow
2. BReport the LPN/LVN at the end of the month without saying anything now
3. CTell the LPN/LVN to give half of the crushed tablet now and the other half at lunchtime
4. DStop the LPN/LVN and contact the prescriber or pharmacist about another form

Khi mang găng vô khuẩn, điều dưỡng mang chiếc găng thứ hai như thế nào?

1. ALuồn các ngón tay đã đeo găng vào dưới nếp gấp cổ của găng thứ hai và kéo lên
2. BKéo găng thứ hai lên bằng đầu ngón tay, dùng tay trần
3. CCầm mặt trong của găng thứ hai bằng tay đã đeo găng
4. DDùng tay trần chỉnh mặt ngoài của găng thứ nhất

An audit shows poor hand hygiene compliance on a ward. Which plan is most likely to improve it?

1. ARemoving all sinks so staff must use hand rub
2. BA combined approach with education, hand rub at every bedside, regular audits and feedback
3. CDisciplining staff who are seen not cleaning their hands, with no other change
4. DA single poster about hand hygiene placed in the staff room

A patient with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which finding best shows that the treatment is effective?

1. ANo bowel movement for 2 days and calm sleep
2. BA rising serum ammonia with a slower flapping tremor
3. CSix to eight watery stools a day with dizziness
4. DTwo to three soft stools a day and clearer thinking

Bộ kết quả nào điển hình nhất của thiếu máu thiếu sắt?

1. AHemoglobin cao và hematocrit cao
2. BHemoglobin bình thường chỉ với số lượng tiểu cầu cao
3. CHemoglobin thấp, hồng cầu to (MCV cao) và ferritin cao
4. DHemoglobin thấp, hồng cầu nhỏ (MCV thấp) và ferritin thấp

A patient with DKA has an arterial blood gas showing a low pH and a low bicarbonate. Which disturbance is this?

1. ARespiratory acidosis
2. BMetabolic acidosis
3. CRespiratory alkalosis
4. DMetabolic alkalosis

Why can pulse oximetry be misleading in carbon monoxide poisoning?

1. ACarbon monoxide makes the oximeter read zero even in a well patient
2. BThe oximeter overheats in smoke-exposed patients
3. CCarbon monoxide only affects the heart rate reading
4. DStandard oximeters cannot tell carboxyhaemoglobin from oxyhaemoglobin

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP in both arms at the same moment while sitting
2. BBP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor
3. CBP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
4. DBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal

An older patient with three rib fractures is breathing shallowly and refuses to cough because of pain. What is the priority intervention?

1. AEffective analgesia so they can breathe deeply and cough
2. BWithhold analgesia to avoid depressing breathing
3. CStrap the chest tightly with bandages to stop the ribs moving
4. DKeep the patient flat and still in bed until the pain settles

Before surgery for a phaeochromocytoma, why is an alpha-blocker started before any beta-blocker?

1. AA beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP
2. BAlpha-blockers lower the blood glucose before surgery
3. CThe order of the two drugs makes no difference
4. DBeta-blockers given first would make the tumour grow faster

A patient with acromegaly snores loudly, stops breathing at times in sleep and is sleepy during the day. What is most likely?

1. ANarcolepsy
2. BObstructive sleep apnoea
3. CNormal snoring
4. DAn anxiety disorder

Which statement about corticosteroids in inflammatory bowel disease is correct?

1. AThey are the best long-term maintenance treatment
2. BThey cure the disease after one course
3. CThey are given only as a one-off injection
4. DThey are used to induce remission, not for maintenance

A patient asks whether to take their usual bisoprolol on the morning of surgery. What is the usual guidance?

1. AStop it one week before any operation
2. BTake a double dose to protect the heart
3. CTake it only after the operation is finished
4. DUsually continue it with a sip of water, unless told otherwise