Phiếu bài tập Kiểm soát nhiễm khuẩn và an toàn người bệnh có đáp án

Which of these counts as a physical restraint?

1. AUsing a bed exit alarm for a patient at high risk of falling at night
2. BRaising all four side rails to stop a patient from getting out of bed
3. CPlacing the bed in its lowest position
4. DUsing a gait belt while helping a patient walk in the corridor

What is the main difference between an N95 respirator and a surgical mask?

1. AThere is no real difference, so they can be swapped freely for any type of precautions
2. BAn N95 is only worn by patients, and surgical masks only by staff
3. CA surgical mask filters smaller particles than an N95
4. DAn N95 filters small airborne particles, while a surgical mask mainly blocks droplets

How is a contaminated isolation gown removed?

1. APull it over the head with the outside facing out
2. BUntie it and peel it away, rolling the outside inward
3. CRemove it by gripping the front of the gown with bare hands
4. DShake it off and then fold it neatly

A nurse who never had BCG vaccine has a positive tuberculin skin test for the first time. The chest x-ray is clear and there are no symptoms. What does this most likely mean?

1. AImmunity to TB from a past exposure
2. BA failed test that must be repeated next year
3. CActive TB, which needs airborne isolation
4. DLatent TB infection, which is not contagious

Why are patients on long-term corticosteroids at higher risk from infections?

1. ASteroids suppress the immune response and can hide signs of infection
2. BSteroids make the patient’s blood more acidic, which helps bacteria grow
3. CSteroids kill the patient’s normal skin bacteria
4. DSteroids only affect the risk of fungal skin rashes

A patient on oxygen is being taken to another department by wheelchair. What should the nurse check first?

1. AThat the portable cylinder has enough oxygen for the whole trip
2. BThat the cylinder is placed on the patient’s lap
3. CThat the oxygen is turned off during the transfer to save the supply in the tank
4. DThat the cylinder is the largest size available

An audit shows poor hand hygiene compliance on a ward. Which plan is most likely to improve it?

1. ARemoving all sinks so staff must use hand rub
2. BA single poster about hand hygiene placed in the staff room
3. CA combined approach with education, hand rub at every bedside, regular audits and feedback
4. DDisciplining staff who are seen not cleaning their hands, with no other change

A patient in a vest restraint has slid down in bed, and the vest is pressing against the neck. What should the nurse do first?

1. ARelease the restraint at once and reposition the patient
2. BWrite a note about the event in the chart
3. CCall the provider to ask about a different restraint
4. DTighten the vest so the patient cannot slide down again