Phiếu bài tập Giá trị xét nghiệm và điện giải có đáp án

Lactate is mainly produced when cells:

1. AStore glucose as glycogen in the muscles
2. BBreak down protein in the liver for energy
3. CBreak down glucose without enough oxygen
4. DBreak down fat completely with oxygen

Which form of bilirubin rises mainly when red cells are broken down faster than normal?

1. AStool bilirubin
2. BUnconjugated (indirect)
3. CConjugated (direct)
4. DUrine bilirubin

Khoảng tham chiếu điển hình ở người lớn của phosphate huyết thanh là bao nhiêu?

1. AKhoảng 0,5–1,5 mg/dL (0,2–0,5 mmol/L)
2. BKhoảng 5,5–7,5 mg/dL (1,8–2,4 mmol/L)
3. CKhoảng 2,5–4,5 mg/dL (0,8–1,5 mmol/L)
4. DKhoảng 8,5–10,5 mg/dL (2,1–2,6 mmol/L)

A patient who is breathless during a transfusion has hypotension, fever and bilateral lung infiltrates, with no signs of fluid overload. Which complication is most likely?

1. AA mild febrile nonhemolytic reaction
2. BTransfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
3. CA simple allergic reaction with hives
4. DTransfusion-associated circulatory overload

A woman who is 30 weeks pregnant has a new blood pressure of 152/98 mm Hg. Which urine finding would most support preeclampsia?

1. AKetones in the urine
2. BGlucose in the urine
3. CNitrites in the urine
4. DProtein in the urine

Một người bệnh rối loạn nhịp thất cho thấy mẫu xoắn đỉnh (torsades de pointes) trên máy theo dõi. Chất điện giải nào thường được cho tĩnh mạch để điều trị?

1. ACalci carbonate
2. BKali phosphate
3. CNatri bicarbonate
4. DMagnesium sulfate

A patient with acute kidney injury after severe dehydration has a rising creatinine. Which urine findings support a prerenal cause rather than acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?

1. AHigh urine sodium and dilute urine with muddy brown granular casts
2. BLow urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity
3. CRed cell casts with heavy protein loss in the urine
4. DWhite cell casts with positive nitrites on the dipstick

A patient with jaundice and nausea has a positive IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HAV). What does this show?

1. AA current or recent hepatitis A infection
2. BPast hepatitis B infection that has cleared
3. CImmunity from hepatitis A vaccine long ago
4. DChronic hepatitis A lasting many years