1.Dễ
What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?
- ASodium is excreted and potassium is retained
- BSodium is retained and potassium is excreted
- CGlucose is retained and urea is excreted
- DCalcium is retained and phosphate is excreted
2.Dễ
Why is AST less specific for liver damage than ALT?
- AAST is made by the bone marrow, not the liver
- BAST is not measured in the blood at all
- CAST is found only in the kidney tubules
- DAST is also found in heart and skeletal muscle
3.Dễ
Uric acid in the blood is a breakdown product of:
- APurines
- BFats
- CGlucose
- DHemoglobin
4.Trung bình
Two sets of blood cultures are ordered for a patient with suspected sepsis. How are they best collected?
- AFrom the existing IV line while the infusion continues to run
- BFrom two separate venipuncture sites, using strict aseptic technique
- CAfter the first antibiotic dose, so the infusion is not delayed
- DBoth from the same site, one minute apart, to save time for the patient
5.Trung bình
Which finding during a transfusion suggests transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?
- AA low temperature and slow heart rate
- BHives and itching without other signs
- CCrackles, hypertension and a raised BNP
- DBack pain with dark red urine output
6.Trung bình
A patient has weight loss, tremor and heat intolerance. Which thyroid test pattern fits Graves disease?
- AHigh TSH with a low free T4
- BHigh TSH with a normal free T4
- CLow TSH with a high free T4
- DNormal TSH with a low free T4
7.Khó
A patient with cirrhosis and ascites has fever and abdominal tenderness. The ascitic fluid neutrophil count is 400 cells/mm³. What does this indicate?
- AMalignant ascites from cancer
- BBleeding into the abdominal cavity
- CNormal ascitic fluid in cirrhosis
- DSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis
8.Khó
Dấu hiệu nào gợi ý mạnh nhất rằng creatinine tăng của người bệnh là do tổn thương thận cấp chứ không phải bệnh thận mạn lâu năm?
- ACreatinine bình thường cách đây ba ngày và đã tăng gấp đôi từ đó
- BNgười bệnh có thận nhỏ trên siêu âm
- CNgười bệnh có creatinine cao nhiều năm
- DNgười bệnh thiếu máu lâu năm
Đáp án
- 1. B · Sodium is retained and potassium is excreted
- 2. D · AST is also found in heart and skeletal muscle
- 3. A · Purines
- 4. B · From two separate venipuncture sites, using strict aseptic technique
- 5. C · Crackles, hypertension and a raised BNP
- 6. C · Low TSH with a high free T4
- 7. D · Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
- 8. A · Creatinine bình thường cách đây ba ngày và đã tăng gấp đôi từ đó
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