Phiếu bài tập Giá trị xét nghiệm và điện giải có đáp án

What is a typical adult reference range for serum chloride?

1. AAbout 3,5–5,0 mEq/L
2. BAbout 135–145 mEq/L
3. CAbout 22–28 mEq/L
4. DAbout 98–106 mEq/L

Which drug is routinely monitored with blood levels because of its narrow therapeutic range?

1. AAmoxicillin
2. BLithium
3. CLoratadine
4. DOmeprazole

Where does most of the ammonia in the blood come from, and which organ removes it?

1. AFat breakdown in adipose tissue; removed by the lungs
2. BGlucose breakdown in muscle; removed by the pancreas
3. CRed cell breakdown in the spleen; removed by the skin
4. DProtein breakdown by gut bacteria; removed by the liver

Two sets of blood cultures are ordered for a patient with suspected sepsis. How are they best collected?

1. AFrom the existing IV line while the infusion continues to run
2. BFrom two separate venipuncture sites, using strict aseptic technique
3. CAfter the first antibiotic dose, so the infusion is not delayed
4. DBoth from the same site, one minute apart, to save time for the patient

When do the blood counts usually reach their lowest point (nadir) after many standard chemotherapy regimens?

1. AWithin 1–2 hours of treatment
2. BAbout 7–14 days after treatment
3. COn the same day as treatment
4. DAbout 6 months after treatment

A patient with sickle cell disease takes hydroxyurea. Which laboratory test is monitored regularly for an adverse effect?

1. AComplete blood count
2. BSerum amylase level
3. CSerum lithium level
4. DUrine ketone level

A patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia has a measured sodium of 128 mEq/L, but a measured serum osmolality is normal, and the patient has no symptoms. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ATrue hyponatremia from SIADH that needs fluid restriction
2. BPseudohyponatremia, an artifact caused by very high lipids
3. CHyponatremia caused by drinking far too much water
4. DHyponatremia caused by severe hyperglycemia in diabetes

A patient stopped long-term prednisone suddenly a week ago. Now: blood pressure 78/46 mm Hg, sodium 128 mEq/L, potassium 4,6 mEq/L, glucose 58 mg/dL (3,2 mmol/L). Which condition is most likely?

1. APrimary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
2. BAcute adrenal insufficiency (adrenal crisis)
3. CSyndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
4. DCushing syndrome from steroid excess