Phiếu bài tập Giá trị xét nghiệm và điện giải có đáp án

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency typically causes which type of anemia?

1. AMicrocytic anemia, with small red cells
2. BHemolytic anemia, with destroyed red cells
3. CAplastic anemia, with an empty bone marrow
4. DMacrocytic anemia, with large red cells

At what time of day is serum cortisol normally highest?

1. ALate afternoon
2. BEarly morning
3. CAround midnight
4. DAfter the evening meal

Which form of bilirubin rises mainly when red cells are broken down faster than normal?

1. AStool bilirubin
2. BUnconjugated (indirect)
3. CUrine bilirubin
4. DConjugated (direct)

A patient takes low-dose methotrexate weekly for rheumatoid arthritis. Which laboratory tests are monitored regularly?

1. ATroponin, creatine kinase and myoglobin
2. BSerum lithium, sodium and urine specific gravity
3. CSerum amylase, lipase and blood ketones
4. DComplete blood count, liver tests and kidney function

A patient with hyperkalemia is prescribed an oral potassium binder such as patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. How does this drug lower potassium?

1. AIt binds potassium in the gut so it leaves in the stool
2. BIt stops the kidneys from absorbing water in the tubules
3. CIt protects the heart muscle against high potassium levels
4. DIt moves potassium into cells in the next few minutes

A woman who is 30 weeks pregnant has a new blood pressure of 152/98 mm Hg. Which urine finding would most support preeclampsia?

1. AGlucose in the urine
2. BKetones in the urine
3. CProtein in the urine
4. DNitrites in the urine

A patient with a heart murmur and fever has three sets of blood cultures, taken hours apart, all growing the same Streptococcus species. What does this suggest?

1. AA normal finding in patients with heart murmurs
2. BContamination of all three samples during collection
3. CA urinary tract infection that has spread to the skin
4. DPersistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis

A patient has eaten very little for 2 weeks and has received broad-spectrum antibiotics. The INR is now 2,3 without warfarin, and the platelets are normal. What is the most likely cause?

1. AHemophilia A
2. BVitamin K deficiency
3. CIron-deficiency anemia
4. DImmune thrombocytopenia