Phiếu bài tập Giá trị xét nghiệm và điện giải có đáp án

Using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, a fasting plasma glucose of 100–125 mg/dL (5,6–6,9 mmol/L) is classed as:

1. AType 1 diabetes mellitus
2. BPrediabetes (impaired fasting glucose)
3. CNormal fasting glucose for an adult
4. DMild hypoglycemia (low glucose)

What is the main role of platelets?

1. ATo form a plug at the site of vessel injury
2. BTo break down old red cells in the spleen
3. CTo carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
4. DTo produce antibodies against bacteria and viruses

What is the effect of insulin on serum potassium?

1. AIt has no effect on potassium in any amount
2. BIt makes the kidneys keep more potassium in the blood
3. CIt moves potassium into cells, lowering the serum level
4. DIt moves potassium out of cells, raising the serum level

A patient on a heparin infusion has blood in the urine and an aPTT far above the target. The nurse stops the infusion and informs the provider. Which antidote should the nurse anticipate?

1. AProtamine sulfate
2. BNaloxone
3. CCalcium gluconate
4. DVitamin K (phytonadione)

Why is a baseline platelet count taken before starting heparin therapy?

1. ABecause heparin increases the platelet count to dangerous levels
2. BSo a later fall from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is detected
3. CSo that the INR can be calculated from the platelet count later
4. DBecause heparin is given at a dose based on the platelet count

A patient with diabetes also takes propranolol. Why is regular glucose monitoring especially important?

1. AThe drug blocks the insulin injection site
2. BThe drug causes very high glucose in all patients
3. CThe drug stops the meter from reading correctly
4. DThe drug can mask warning signs of hypoglycemia

A patient on hemodialysis receives epoetin, but the hemoglobin has not risen in 2 months. Which results should be checked first?

1. AFerritin and transferrin saturation
2. BTroponin and creatine kinase
3. CAmylase and lipase levels
4. DTSH and the free T₃ level

A patient on lithium has had vomiting and diarrhea for 3 days and has been taking ibuprofen. They now have a coarse tremor and confusion. The lithium level is 2,2 mEq/L. What is the best interpretation and action?

1. ALithium toxicity; hold lithium and report urgently
2. BA normal level; continue lithium as prescribed
3. CIbuprofen side effects only; give it with food
4. DA low level; ask for the lithium dose to be raised