Phiếu bài tập Giá trị xét nghiệm và điện giải có đáp án

What is a typical adult reference range for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

1. AAbout 0,4–4,0 mIU/L
2. BAbout 0,01–0,04 mIU/L
3. CAbout 40–80 mIU/L
4. DAbout 10–20 mIU/L

What does the term "left shift" mean on a white cell differential?

1. AMore immature neutrophils (bands) than normal
2. BA rise in the number of eosinophils
3. CMore lymphocytes than neutrophils in the blood
4. DA fall in all the white cell types together

In a person with HIV infection, a CD4 count below which level defines AIDS?

1. A50 cells/µL
2. B200 cells/µL
3. C500 cells/µL
4. D1,000 cells/µL

A patient with suspected pulmonary TB needs sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli. Which instruction is correct?

1. AGive several samples of nasal mucus blown into a tissue
2. BGive one sample of saliva collected from the mouth at any time of day
3. CGive one sample after brushing with mouthwash so it is clean
4. DGive several deep-cough samples, often first thing in the morning

A patient on carbamazepine becomes confused and has a headache. Which laboratory result would most likely explain this?

1. AA high serum potassium
2. BA high serum calcium
3. CA low serum magnesium
4. DA low serum sodium

A patient with joint aches has a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test. Which statement is correct?

1. AA positive ANA means the patient has a viral infection
2. BA positive ANA rules out all other autoimmune diseases
3. CA positive ANA proves the patient has rheumatoid arthritis
4. DA positive ANA supports lupus but does not diagnose it alone

A patient with heavy alcohol use and a poor diet has a hemoglobin of 10,1 g/dL (101 g/L), an MCV of 110 fL and a low red cell folate. Which explanation fits best?

1. AIron deficiency from slow, chronic bleeding in the gut
2. BThalassemia trait inherited from one of the parents
3. CFolate deficiency, made worse by a direct alcohol effect
4. DAnemia caused by long-standing chronic kidney disease

The nurse teaches a patient with chronic kidney disease about a potassium-restricted diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I can leach potatoes by soaking them before cooking them"
2. B"I'll limit bananas, oranges and potatoes in my meals"
3. C"I'll check food labels and ask my dietitian about portion sizes"
4. D"Dried apricots and raisins will be a good snack for me now"