Phiếu bài tập Giá trị xét nghiệm và điện giải có đáp án

What is the main purpose of a Gram stain?

1. ATo sort bacteria quickly into gram-positive or negative
2. BTo measure exactly how many bacteria are in the blood
3. CTo detect viruses in a sample of respiratory secretions
4. DTo test which antibiotics a bacterium is sensitive to

Which blood group is the universal donor for red blood cells in an emergency?

1. AGroup O, Rh negative
2. BGroup AB, Rh positive
3. CGroup A, Rh negative
4. DGroup B, Rh positive

What is a "critical value" (panic value) in laboratory reporting?

1. AAny result that is slightly outside the laboratory reference range
2. BA result that is normal but differs from the patient's last value
3. CA result that the laboratory could not measure because of a bad sample
4. DA result so abnormal that it may threaten life and needs prompt action

A patient with type 2 diabetes has a target HbA1c below 7% (53 mmol/mol). Today's result is 7,8% (62 mmol/mol). What is the best interpretation?

1. AThe patient has had frequent episodes of severe hypoglycemia
2. BThe result shows today's fasting glucose is above the target
3. CGlucose control has been excellent for the past several months
4. DAverage glucose over the past months has been above the target

A patient with schizophrenia is starting clozapine. Which laboratory value must be monitored regularly?

1. AAbsolute neutrophil count
2. BSerum amylase
3. CInternational normalized ratio
4. DSerum lithium level

Which technique is recommended for a capillary blood glucose test on an adult's finger?

1. APrick the center of the fingertip
2. BUse the same finger every time
3. CSqueeze the finger very hard
4. DPrick the side of the fingertip

A patient with thalassemia major has received regular red cell transfusions for years. The ferritin is now very high. What does this most likely show, and what treatment is used?

1. ALiver failure, treated with a liver transplant at once
2. BIron deficiency, treated with IV iron supplements
3. CAcute infection, treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics
4. DIron overload, treated with iron chelation therapy

A patient's creatinine was 0,9 mg/dL (80 µmol/L) on admission and is 1,3 mg/dL (115 µmol/L) 36 hours later. Using the common KDIGO criteria, what does this show?

1. AAcute kidney injury, because it rose by at least 0,3 mg/dL within 48 hours
2. BA laboratory error, because creatinine cannot change within 2 days
3. CChronic kidney disease, because creatinine has risen above baseline
4. DNo kidney injury, because the creatinine is still within the normal range