Phiếu bài tập Giá trị xét nghiệm và điện giải có đáp án

Why is prealbumin (transthyretin) sometimes used to follow a patient's nutritional status instead of albumin?

1. AIt is not affected by inflammation or liver disease
2. BIt has a long half-life, so it changes over months
3. CIt is measured in urine, so no blood test is needed
4. DIt has a short half-life, so it changes within days

How does dehydration usually affect the hematocrit?

1. AIt has no effect
2. BIt makes it zero
3. CIt raises it
4. DIt lowers it

What does a positive direct antiglobulin test (direct Coombs test) show?

1. AThe patient's platelets are clumping together in the blood sample
2. BThe patient's plasma is missing the clotting factor VIII
3. CAntibodies or complement are attached to the patient's red cells
4. DThe patient's red cells are too small and contain little hemoglobin

Which change in clotting tests is normal in late pregnancy?

1. AFibrinogen and D-dimer rise
2. BaPTT doubles from baseline
3. CINR rises to about 3,0
4. DPlatelets rise above 600 × 10³/µL

A breathless patient in the emergency department has a BNP below 100 pg/mL. What does this suggest?

1. AHeart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
2. BSevere heart failure is certainly the cause of the problem
3. CThe kidneys are failing and the patient needs dialysis
4. DThe patient has had a myocardial infarction in the past day

A patient with diabetes also takes propranolol. Why is regular glucose monitoring especially important?

1. AThe drug causes very high glucose in all patients
2. BThe drug stops the meter from reading correctly
3. CThe drug can mask warning signs of hypoglycemia
4. DThe drug blocks the insulin injection site

A patient with schizophrenia drinks very large amounts of water each day. Sodium is 121 mEq/L, and the urine is very dilute (urine osmolality 70 mOsm/kg). Which explanation fits best?

1. AHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
2. BPrimary (psychogenic) polydipsia
3. CCentral diabetes insipidus
4. DSyndrome of inappropriate ADH

Which patient's result should the nurse act on first?

1. AHemoglobin 6,4 g/dL (64 g/L) with new chest pain and a pulse of 124/min
2. BFerritin 15 ng/mL in a well patient with known iron-deficiency anemia on oral iron
3. CHemoglobin 9,6 g/dL (96 g/L) in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease
4. DPlatelets 140 × 10³/µL in a patient with mild chronic liver disease