Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

During manual blood pressure measurement, what does the first clear tapping sound (Korotkoff phase 1) mark?

1. AThe pulse pressure
2. BThe diastolic pressure
3. CThe mean arterial pressure
4. DThe systolic pressure

Thuốc nào thường dùng để làm chậm nhịp tim trong rung nhĩ?

1. ABisoprolol (thuốc chẹn beta)
2. BFurosemide (thuốc lợi tiểu quai)
3. CAtorvastatin (statin)
4. DAmlodipine (thuốc chẹn kênh calci nhóm dihydropyridine)

Hai bệnh nào nằm trong bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính (COPD)?

1. AKhí phế thũng và viêm phế quản mạn
2. BGiãn phế quản và xơ nang
3. CXơ phổi và sarcoidosis
4. DHen phế quản và viêm phổi

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. AThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
2. BSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning
3. CThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
4. DBoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect

A patient is on a short course of oral prednisolone for an asthma exacerbation. Which effect should the nurse monitor for?

1. ALow blood sodium
2. BLow blood pressure
3. CSlow heart rate
4. DRaised blood glucose

Which emergency equipment should be kept at the bedside of a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. ASpare tubes (same size and one smaller), suction and oxygen
2. BA nasogastric tube and a feeding pump
3. CA urinary catheter set, a blood glucose meter and a thermometer
4. DOnly a spare oxygen mask, since the tube rarely causes problems

A patient with severe sepsis becomes increasingly breathless over 24 hours. SpO₂ stays low despite high-flow oxygen, and the chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates. The heart function is normal. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAn acute asthma attack
2. BAcute respiratory distress syndrome
3. CSpontaneous pneumothorax
4. DAcute left ventricular failure after an MI

A patient with stable severe COPD has a blood gas showing pH 7,37, a raised PaCO₂ and a raised bicarbonate. How should this be interpreted?

1. AChronic respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
2. BRespiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation
3. CA normal blood gas with no abnormality
4. DAcute respiratory acidosis needing emergency intubation