Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

Which of these is a common allergic trigger of asthma?

1. AWearing cotton clothes
2. BEating rice
3. CHouse dust mite
4. DDrinking water

Where in the kidney does furosemide mainly act?

1. AThe loop of Henle
2. BThe renal artery
3. CThe collecting duct only
4. DThe glomerulus

What is the normal resting heart rate range for an adult?

1. A100–140 beats per minute
2. B60–100 beats per minute
3. C40–60 beats per minute
4. D30–50 beats per minute

Which emergency equipment should be kept at the bedside of a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. AA urinary catheter set, a blood glucose meter and a thermometer
2. BSpare tubes (same size and one smaller), suction and oxygen
3. CA nasogastric tube and a feeding pump
4. DOnly a spare oxygen mask, since the tube rarely causes problems

Why should a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) never be used alone in asthma?

1. AIt works only when it is taken together with a course of antibiotics
2. BIt cannot be inhaled without a nebuliser
3. CWithout an inhaled steroid, it is linked with severe and fatal attacks
4. DIt always causes immediate severe bronchospasm when used on its own

A patient has exercise-induced asthma. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AExercise only in cold, dry air to toughen the airways
2. BTake a beta-blocker before exercise
3. CAvoid all forms of exercise permanently to prevent attacks
4. DUse the reliever inhaler shortly before exercise and warm up

A nurse reviews inhaler use with a patient who has asthma and uses a separate steroid preventer inhaler and a salbutamol reliever. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I use my steroid inhaler when I start to wheeze."
2. B"I rinse my mouth after the steroid inhaler."
3. C"I use my steroid inhaler every day, even when I feel well."
4. D"I carry my blue reliever inhaler with me."

After positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is increased on a ventilated patient, the blood pressure falls. What is the most likely reason?

1. APEEP lowers the blood oxygen level
2. BPEEP directly weakens the heart muscle and its contraction
3. CHigher chest pressure reduces venous return to the heart
4. DPEEP causes immediate blood loss from the alveolar capillaries