Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

What does the term "apnoea" mean?

1. ABreathlessness on lying flat
2. BA pause or stop in breathing
3. CCoughing up blood
4. DA breathing rate above normal

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the aorta?

1. AThe left atrium
2. BThe right atrium
3. CThe right ventricle
4. DThe left ventricle

What is the normal resting heart rate range for an adult?

1. A60–100 beats per minute
2. B100–140 beats per minute
3. C30–50 beats per minute
4. D40–60 beats per minute

A patient on home oxygen has dry, sore lips. Which product is safest to use?

1. AAn alcohol-based gel
2. BAn oil-based balm
3. CPetroleum jelly
4. DA water-based lubricant

A patient with COPD uses an inhaled corticosteroid combination inhaler. Which risk should the nurse be aware of?

1. AHearing loss after every dose
2. BAn increased risk of high blood pressure crises
3. CAn increased risk of pneumonia
4. DA sharp drop in potassium after each dose

Suspected pulmonary TB is being investigated. How are sputum samples usually collected?

1. AA single sample after the first week of treatment
2. BSeveral samples, ideally including early-morning sputum
3. COne sample of saliva collected at any time of the day
4. DA swab from the nose only

A patient with stable severe COPD has a blood gas showing pH 7,37, a raised PaCO₂ and a raised bicarbonate. How should this be interpreted?

1. AAcute respiratory acidosis needing emergency intubation
2. BA normal blood gas with no abnormality
3. CChronic respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
4. DRespiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation

After intubation, breath sounds are heard on the right side of the chest but not the left. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThe left lung has completely filled with fluid
2. BThe tube has entered the oesophagus
3. CThe tube cuff has burst during insertion
4. DThe tube has entered the right main bronchus