Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

On spirometry, what does a reduced FEV₁/FVC ratio indicate?

1. AObstruction to airflow
2. BNormal lung function
3. CLow haemoglobin
4. DWeak heart muscle

Finger clubbing is commonly linked with which condition?

1. AAcute bronchitis
2. BBronchiectasis
3. CMild asthma
4. DHigh blood pressure

How does CPAP help in obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AConstant positive pressure holds the upper airway open
2. BIt delivers a drug that relaxes the airway muscles overnight
3. CIt slows the breathing rate during sleep
4. DIt removes carbon dioxide through a filter

Buồng van nước của dẫn lưu ngực sủi bọt liên tục, ngay cả khi bệnh nhân không ho. Điều này gợi ý gì?

1. ANguồn hút đã bị tắt
2. BPhổi đã nở lại hoàn toàn và có thể rút ống dẫn lưu
3. CỐng dẫn lưu bị tắc do cục máu trong ống
4. DRò khí từ phổi hoặc từ hệ thống dẫn lưu

After an above-knee amputation, which measure helps prevent a hip flexion contracture?

1. ASitting in a chair for most of the day with the hips bent
2. BLying prone for periods and avoiding pillows under the stump
3. CKeeping a pillow under the stump at all times, day and night
4. DKeeping the hip bent to reduce stump swelling

Why is pyridoxine (vitamin B6) often given with isoniazid?

1. ATo prevent orange discolouration of urine
2. BTo prevent peripheral neuropathy
3. CTo prevent loss of colour vision
4. DTo prevent gout attacks

During a thrombolytic infusion for an MI, the patient develops a sudden severe headache, vomiting and new confusion. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStop the infusion and call for urgent medical help
2. BContinue the infusion, as headache is a common side effect
3. CSlow the infusion and give an antiemetic
4. DGive a second dose to finish the treatment

A patient's blood gas shows pH 7,26, PaCO₂ 9,0 kPa (68 mmHg) and bicarbonate 25 mmol/L. What does this show?

1. AAcute respiratory acidosis
2. BMetabolic acidosis with compensation
3. CRespiratory alkalosis
4. DMetabolic alkalosis