Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

Which organism is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

1. AEscherichia coli
2. BClostridioides difficile
3. CStreptococcus pneumoniae
4. DCandida albicans

What does the term "apnoea" mean?

1. AA breathing rate above normal
2. BCoughing up blood
3. CA pause or stop in breathing
4. DBreathlessness on lying flat

Where is the apex beat normally felt in an adult?

1. AOver the middle of the breastbone
2. BJust below the right nipple
3. CThe second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
4. DThe fifth intercostal space in the left mid-clavicular line

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
2. BIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
3. CIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
4. DIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears

Một bệnh nhân dùng warfarin bắt đầu ăn nhiều salad rau bina và cải xoăn mỗi ngày. Mối lo chính là gì?

1. ARau xanh gây hại gan khi dùng warfarin
2. BLượng vitamin K tăng thêm có thể làm giảm INR
3. CLượng vitamin K tăng thêm có thể làm tăng INR
4. DKhông có tương tác giữa thức ăn và warfarin

A patient uses a glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) patch for angina. Why is it usually removed for several hours each day?

1. AThe skin needs a break to absorb a larger dose
2. BThe patch works only during the night
3. CA nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance
4. DIt lowers the risk of a high potassium level

A patient with obstructive sleep apnoea who uses CPAP at home is having surgery. Which plan is safest after the operation?

1. AGive extra opioids so the patient sleeps through the night
2. BNurse the patient lying flat on their back to keep the airway open
3. CLeave the CPAP machine at home, as it is not needed while in hospital
4. DUse their CPAP machine and monitor closely, using opioids with caution

A conscious adult in the dining room is suddenly unable to speak, cough or breathe after a mouthful of food. What should the nurse do first?

1. AEncourage them to drink a glass of water to wash the food down
2. BUp to five back blows, then up to five abdominal thrusts if needed
3. CSweep blindly in the mouth with a finger
4. DLie them down on the floor and start chest compressions immediately