Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

Which side effect is typical of ACE inhibitors such as ramipril or lisinopril?

1. AA productive cough with green sputum
2. BSwelling of both ankles
3. CA fast, irregular heart rate
4. DA persistent dry cough

What is the main role of the delay at the atrioventricular (AV) node?

1. AIt gives the ventricles time to fill before they contract
2. BIt speeds the impulse to the ventricles so they beat sooner
3. CIt starts each heartbeat by firing faster than the SA node
4. DIt closes the aortic valve

Which type of leg ulcer is most common?

1. AArterial ulcers
2. BMalignant ulcers
3. CVenous ulcers
4. DUlcers from spider bites

Which advice is most helpful for a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. ATake a decongestant tablet before going outdoors
2. BSoak the hands in cold water to toughen the vessels
3. CKeep the whole body warm, wear gloves and stop smoking
4. DRub the fingers hard with snow during an attack

What is the main difference between CPAP and bilevel NIV (often called BiPAP)?

1. ACPAP is given only through a tracheostomy
2. BCPAP is mainly used to lower a raised PaCO₂ in COPD exacerbations
3. CBilevel NIV gives oxygen only, without any positive airway pressure
4. DBilevel NIV adds a higher inspiratory pressure, helping remove CO₂

A patient has just started an ACE inhibitor. Which blood tests are usually checked within the first one to two weeks?

1. AINR and platelet count
2. BLiver enzymes and amylase
3. CTroponin and creatine kinase
4. DPotassium and creatinine

A nurse is reviewing four telemetry patients. Which rhythm needs attention first?

1. AFirst-degree heart block with a stable blood pressure and no symptoms
2. BSinus bradycardia of 54/min in a patient who is asleep and comfortable
3. CRepeated runs of ventricular tachycardia in a patient who feels dizzy
4. DRate-controlled atrial fibrillation at 82/min

Two days after a coronary stent, a patient on aspirin and ticagrelor has black, tarry stools and feels faint on standing. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop both antiplatelet drugs permanently on the nurse's own decision
2. BCheck vital signs, report urgently and anticipate a blood count
3. CGive a laxative and repeat the observations tomorrow
4. DReassure the patient that iron tablets cause black stools