Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

On spirometry, what does a reduced FEV₁/FVC ratio indicate?

1. ANormal lung function
2. BWeak heart muscle
3. CObstruction to airflow
4. DLow haemoglobin

Which organism causes tuberculosis?

1. APseudomonas aeruginosa
2. BStaphylococcus aureus
3. CMycobacterium tuberculosis
4. DCorynebacterium diphtheriae

Which pain description is typical of an acute aortic dissection?

1. ADull ache that slowly builds over several days
2. BBurning pain after meals that eases with antacids
3. CSudden, severe tearing pain that spreads to the back
4. DCramping calf pain that eases with a short rest

A peripheral cannula site is red, warm, tender and swollen along the vein. What should the nurse do?

1. ACover the site and keep using it until it blocks
2. BLeave it in place, as this is normal after 24 hours
3. CFlush the cannula hard to clear it
4. DRemove the cannula, document and monitor the site

Vì sao không nên dùng mặt nạ oxy đơn giản với lưu lượng oxy dưới khoảng 5 L/phút?

1. AKhông thể làm ẩm oxy ở lưu lượng thấp
2. BDây thun giữ mặt nạ quá lỏng ở lưu lượng thấp
3. CMặt nạ cung cấp quá nhiều oxy ở lưu lượng thấp
4. DCO₂ thở ra có thể đọng trong mặt nạ và bị hít lại

Which exercise advice is recommended for intermittent claudication?

1. AWalking only on days when the legs feel warm and painless
2. BSupervised walking until pain is near maximal, then rest and repeat
3. CComplete bed rest until the leg pain has gone for at least a month
4. DStopping walking at the very first twinge of pain each time

Two adults with cystic fibrosis are admitted to the same ward. What is the correct infection-control plan?

1. ALet them share physiotherapy sessions and equipment
2. BNurse them in separate single rooms and keep them apart
3. CUse standard precautions only, as CF is not infectious
4. DPut them in the same bay so they can support each other

A patient with a valid, documented do-not-attempt-CPR decision (DNACPR in the UK, DNR or DNAR in the US) is found in cardiac arrest. What should the nurse do?

1. AStart full CPR because the patient's family is not present
2. BCall the arrest team and let them decide whether to resuscitate
3. CNot start CPR, call for support, and provide dignity and comfort
4. DStart CPR but use only chest compressions