Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

Which description best fits asthma?

1. AAirway inflammation with variable, reversible airflow obstruction
2. BPermanent destruction of the alveolar walls caused by smoking
3. CScarring of the lung tissue that makes the lungs stiff and small
4. DA bacterial infection of the alveoli

Lời khuyên nào nên đưa ra cho bệnh nhân đang dùng thuốc chống đông?

1. ADùng bàn chải đánh răng mềm và báo cáo chảy máu bất thường
2. BDùng ibuprofen thay vì paracetamol khi đau
3. CTừ nay tránh mọi loại rau xanh
4. DBỏ một liều mỗi khi xuất hiện vết bầm nhỏ

In an adult over 40, an added third heart sound (S3) most often suggests which problem?

1. AA narrowed aortic valve
2. BHeart failure with fluid overload
3. CInflammation of the pericardium
4. DA normal finding of good fitness

A patient stops ramipril because of a troublesome dry cough. Which drug class is a common alternative?

1. AA nitrate such as isosorbide mononitrate
2. BAn angiotensin II receptor blocker such as losartan
3. CA loop diuretic such as furosemide
4. DA non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol

A patient with heart failure starts dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which teaching is most relevant?

1. AAvoid drinking any fluids at all for the first week of treatment
2. BTake an extra dose if the ankles swell
3. CKeep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common
4. DExpect the urine to turn bright orange and stain underwear and clothes

In heart failure, why does activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system worsen symptoms over time?

1. AIt makes the kidneys pass too much dilute urine each day
2. BIt lowers the blood pressure to very low levels over time
3. CIt causes sodium and water retention and vasoconstriction
4. DIt slows the heart rate dangerously

Ten days after cardiac surgery, a patient has a fever, a red sternal wound with discharge and a clicking feeling in the chest when coughing. What should the nurse suspect?

1. APericarditis from the operation
2. BNormal wound healing with some expected discharge
3. CCostochondritis caused by forceful coughing
4. DSternal wound infection with an unstable sternum

Seconds after an intramuscular injection, a patient becomes pale, sweaty and faint, with a heart rate of 48/min. There is no rash, wheeze or swelling, and they recover quickly when laid flat. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAnaphylaxis
2. BA vasovagal reaction
3. CA myocardial infarction
4. DA tension pneumothorax