Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

What is cor pulmonale?

1. AInfection of the heart valves
2. BInflammation of the lining around the heart
3. CLeft-sided heart failure caused by a heart attack
4. DRight-sided heart failure caused by lung disease

Which three signs make up Beck's triad in cardiac tamponade?

1. AFever, a new heart murmur and splinter haemorrhages under the nails
2. BChest pain, ST elevation and raised troponin
3. CLow blood pressure, distended neck veins and muffled heart sounds
4. DHigh blood pressure, a slow pulse and irregular breathing

During cardiac arrest, how is adrenaline (epinephrine) usually given?

1. ABy inhalation through a nebuliser mask
2. BBy mouth, crushed and given with water
3. CBy subcutaneous injection into the abdomen
4. DIntravenously or by the intraosseous route

Unless fluids are restricted, why are patients with pneumonia encouraged to drink plenty?

1. ATo make the cough completely stop
2. BTo flush the bacteria out through the urine
3. CTo prevent dehydration and keep secretions thinner
4. DTo lower the temperature by diluting the blood plasma

A nurse measures blood pressure on a large upper arm using a cuff that is too small. What effect will this have?

1. AThe reading will be falsely low
2. BOnly the pulse rate will be affected
3. CThe reading will be accurate but slower
4. DThe reading will be falsely high

A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?

1. ATroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it
2. BThe first sample is always contaminated
3. CThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80
4. DTroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage

The monitor shows a regular broad-complex tachycardia at 180/min. The patient is alert with BP 126/78 mmHg and no chest pain. What is the most appropriate plan?

1. AStart chest compressions straight away and give a dose of IV adrenaline
2. BDeliver an unsynchronised shock immediately, before any other assessment
3. CReassure the patient, as this is a normal rhythm
4. DRecord a 12-lead ECG, call senior help and anticipate an antiarrhythmic

Một bệnh nhân hen có lưu lượng đỉnh bằng 40% mức tốt nhất của họ, nhịp thở 28/phút và không nói hết câu. SpO₂ 94%. Cơn này nên phân loại thế nào?

1. AHen đe dọa tính mạng
2. BHen cấp nặng
3. CHen suýt tử vong
4. DĐợt cấp hen mức trung bình