Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

What is the "calf muscle pump"?

1. ACalf muscles squeezing the deep veins to push blood towards the heart
2. BThe artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the muscles of the calf
3. CA device that inflates around the calf during surgery to warm the leg
4. DA heart valve that pumps blood into the legs

Which group of symptoms suggests obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. ANight sweats, weight loss and a cough lasting several weeks
2. BLoud snoring, pauses in breathing and daytime sleepiness
3. CFever, cough and rust-coloured sputum
4. DWheeze, cough and itchy eyes that come on after exercise

Which side effect is particularly linked with spironolactone in men?

1. ABreast enlargement (gynaecomastia)
2. BA persistent dry, tickly cough
3. CHair loss on the scalp and eyebrows
4. DOrange-red colouring of the urine

After an acute coronary syndrome, a patient with a normal cholesterol level is prescribed a high-intensity statin. Why?

1. AStatins are needed only if the cholesterol level is very high
2. BStatins are given after an ACS mainly to lower the blood pressure
3. CStatins work as painkillers for chest pain
4. DStatins reduce further events whatever the starting cholesterol

How should a patient breathe in when using a pressurised metered-dose inhaler without a spacer?

1. ASlowly and deeply while pressing the canister, then hold the breath
2. BAs hard and fast as possible, then press the canister afterwards
3. CNormally, while breathing out through the mouthpiece
4. DIn short gasps through the nose while pressing the canister

How should a patient with asthma record their peak flow at home?

1. ATake one gentle blow once a week, at any time of day
2. BBlow only during an asthma attack, never when well
3. CTake the best of three blows, ideally morning and evening
4. DTake the average of ten blows after exercise

A patient with severe aortic stenosis is prescribed glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) for chest pain. Why should the nurse use particular caution?

1. AGTN raises the blood pressure dangerously in aortic stenosis
2. BVasodilators can cause a severe fall in BP with a fixed outflow obstruction
3. CThere is no reason for caution, because GTN acts only on the coronary arteries
4. DGTN makes the narrowed aortic valve tighten further within a few minutes

An 84-year-old with heart failure becomes breathless with new crackles and a rising blood pressure during a blood transfusion. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal effects of the transfusion
2. BA mild febrile reaction
3. CAn acute haemolytic reaction from wrong blood
4. DTransfusion-associated circulatory overload