Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange
2. BThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected
3. CThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
4. DThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung

Which chest X-ray finding is classic for sarcoidosis?

1. AA single round mass in one apex
2. BA completely white lung on one side
3. CEnlarged lymph nodes at both lung hila
4. DA visible edge of collapsed lung

How is cystic fibrosis inherited?

1. AIt is not inherited
2. BAutosomal recessive
3. CX-linked recessive
4. DAutosomal dominant

A patient with heart failure takes furosemide once a day. When is the best time to take it?

1. AAt bedtime, so the effect lasts through the night
2. BIn the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night
3. CJust before the evening meal, with a large drink
4. DWhenever the ankles look swollen, on those days only

Why are IV fluids given cautiously to a patient with heart failure?

1. AIV fluids stop diuretics from being absorbed
2. BIV fluids lower the blood pressure dangerously
3. CIV fluids directly damage the heart valves
4. DExtra volume can quickly cause pulmonary oedema

How can a patient reduce wound pain when coughing after abdominal surgery?

1. ALie flat on the back with the legs straight
2. BHold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
3. CAvoid coughing completely until all the stitches are removed
4. DHold the breath for as long as possible

An 84-year-old with heart failure becomes breathless with new crackles and a rising blood pressure during a blood transfusion. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA mild febrile reaction
2. BTransfusion-associated circulatory overload
3. CAn acute haemolytic reaction from wrong blood
4. DNormal effects of the transfusion

Hours after surgery to restore blood flow to an ischaemic leg, the patient has severe calf pain that is worse when the toes are moved passively, and the calf feels tense. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AExpected postoperative pain from the leg wound
2. BCramp from lying still in bed
3. CCompartment syndrome from reperfusion swelling
4. DA superficial thrombophlebitis of the long saphenous vein