Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

During cardiac arrest, how is adrenaline (epinephrine) usually given?

1. ABy mouth, crushed and given with water
2. BIntravenously or by the intraosseous route
3. CBy inhalation through a nebuliser mask
4. DBy subcutaneous injection into the abdomen

How does montelukast work in asthma?

1. AIt thins mucus by breaking down DNA
2. BIt blocks leukotriene receptors in the airways
3. CIt kills bacteria in the bronchi
4. DIt stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways

Tư thế nào thường giúp bệnh nhân đợt cấp COPD thở dễ hơn?

1. ANgồi, nghiêng người ra trước với hai tay được tựa đỡ
2. BNằm nghiêng một bên với đầu thấp
3. CNằm ngửa phẳng với hai chân kê cao trên gối
4. DNằm sấp trên nệm cứng

Why must inspired air be humidified for a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. AHumidification prevents the cuff from deflating
2. BThe nose and upper airway, which warm and moisten air, are bypassed
3. CHumidified air contains more oxygen than dry air at the same flow
4. DDry air is needed to stop secretions forming in the trachea

Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?

1. AAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
2. BA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only
3. CA clear runny nose
4. DA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day

A patient with diabetes is starting a beta-blocker. What should the nurse teach about hypoglycaemia?

1. AThe beta-blocker will prevent all episodes of hypoglycaemia
2. BInsulin should be stopped while taking a beta-blocker
3. CSome warning signs, such as a fast heartbeat, may be masked
4. DHypoglycaemia will always cause a very slow and weak pulse

Which instruction from the registered nurse to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) caring for a patient with COPD is most appropriate?

1. A"Tell me straight away if his SpO₂ is under 88% or he is more breathless."
2. B"Turn his oxygen up to whatever he needs if he looks short of breath."
3. C"Listen to his chest after lunch and let me know what you can hear."
4. D"Teach him how to use his new inhaler this afternoon after his rest."

Một bệnh nhân đợt cấp COPD có ứ CO₂ được kê thuốc giãn phế quản khí dung. Thường nên chạy máy khí dung bằng gì?

1. AKhông dùng luồng khí, bằng cách bảo bệnh nhân hít sâu
2. BBằng khí nén, kèm oxy có kiểm soát qua ống thông mũi
3. CBằng oxy 6–8 L/phút và không theo dõi độ bão hòa
4. DBằng oxy 15 L/phút càng lâu càng tốt