Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

Why should rings, watches and tight clothing be removed early after a burn to the arm?

1. AThey interfere with the rule of nines calculation of burn size
2. BMetal items always cause infection in burns
3. CThey make the burn look worse in photographs
4. DSwelling may follow, and they could cut off the circulation

Which signs suggest early hypovolaemic shock after surgery?

1. ASlow heart rate, flushed skin and warm hands
2. BRising heart rate, cool skin and slow capillary refill
3. CHigh blood pressure with a fast, bounding pulse
4. DNormal pulse with heavy sweating only after meals

Why is nail varnish or a gel nail often removed from at least one finger before surgery?

1. ABecause it is a checklist rule with no clinical reason
2. BSo pulse oximetry readings and nail colour can be assessed accurately
3. CBecause the varnish can make the anaesthetic gas less effective
4. DBecause varnish raises the patient's blood pressure

Which nursing intervention best reduces preoperative anxiety?

1. ATelling the patient that there is nothing to worry about
2. BAvoiding talking about the operation at all
3. CExplaining what will happen and answering questions
4. DKeeping family members away until after surgery

Which nursing care helps a new skin graft take?

1. ARemoving the dressing every hour to look at it
2. BMassaging the graft firmly several times a day
3. CKeeping the area still and avoiding shearing forces
4. DEncouraging the patient to exercise the area straight away

Đánh giá tại giường nào được dùng để theo dõi cổ trướng?

1. AKích thước đồng tử và phản xạ hai lần mỗi ngày
2. BCân nặng hằng ngày và vòng bụng
3. CĐường huyết mao mạch trước mỗi bữa ăn
4. DLưu lượng đỉnh và độ bão hòa oxy

A patient with three fractured ribs is taking shallow breaths because of pain. Why is effective analgesia a priority?

1. APain relief is only needed for the patient's comfort
2. BShallow breathing can lead to atelectasis and pneumonia
3. CRib pain always means the heart is damaged
4. DGood analgesia makes rib fractures heal fully within a few days

A patient with a permanent pacemaker is booked for surgery using monopolar diathermy. Why must the team know?

1. AThe patient cannot have any anaesthetic at all
2. BThe pacemaker will always be removed during surgery
3. CDiathermy can interfere with the pacemaker's function
4. DPacemakers stop all bleeding during surgery