Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

What is portal hypertension?

1. ARaised pressure in the lungs from heart failure
2. BRaised pressure in the portal venous system to the liver
3. CHigh blood pressure in the arteries of the arms and legs
4. DHigh pressure inside the skull

What is abdominal paracentesis?

1. ADraining fluid from the abdominal cavity with a needle or drain
2. BA camera test of the lining of the large bowel
3. CRemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions
4. DInjection of dye into a vein in the arm

Which exercises are usually taught to patients before major surgery?

1. AHeavy weightlifting to build strength
2. BLong-distance running every day
3. CHolding the breath for as long as possible
4. DDeep breathing, coughing and leg exercises

Why is pethidine (meperidine) generally avoided for regular pain relief?

1. AIt has no pain-relieving effect at all in adults
2. BIt always causes severe diarrhoea
3. CIt can only be given by mouth
4. DA metabolite can build up and cause seizures

Kiểu điện giải nào điển hình của hội chứng ly giải u?

1. ANatri cao và calci cao với acid uric thấp
2. BKali và phosphate thấp với calci cao
3. CKali, phosphate và acid uric cao; calci thấp
4. DKali thấp, phosphate thấp và acid uric thấp

Why are antiemetics usually given before chemotherapy starts?

1. APreventing nausea works better than treating it later
2. BThey cannot be given once nausea has started
3. CThey stop the chemotherapy from causing hair loss and mouth sores
4. DAntiemetics make the chemotherapy work better

During preoperative assessment, a patient says their brother had a "very high fever" during an anaesthetic. What is the most important action?

1. AInform the anaesthetist, as malignant hyperthermia may run in the family
2. BReassure the patient that fevers after anaesthesia are always harmless
3. CGive paracetamol before surgery to prevent fever
4. DRecord it as a family allergy to paracetamol

After several days of a tight CPAP mask, a patient has a red, broken area on the bridge of the nose. What is this, and what should the nurse do?

1. AA device-related pressure injury; protect skin and refit the mask
2. BA burn from the oxygen; apply ice to the area
3. CA normal mark; take no action until it heals
4. DAn allergic rash; stop the CPAP for good and give oral antihistamines