Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

Dịch nào thường dùng cho hồi sức bỏng ban đầu ở người lớn?

1. ADung dịch glucose 50% tĩnh mạch
2. BNước cola có ga đường uống
3. CHartmann (lactated Ringer)
4. DNước cất pha tiêm, truyền tĩnh mạch

PCA viết tắt cho gì trong kiểm soát đau?

1. AĐánh giá sau chăm sóc
2. BGiảm đau do bệnh nhân tự kiểm soát (patient-controlled analgesia)
3. CKiểm soát đau nhờ người phụ tá
4. DGây mê liên tục theo y lệnh

What is a common reason for giving a premedication before surgery?

1. ATo reduce anxiety
2. BTo replace the general anaesthetic
3. CTo make the patient hungry after surgery
4. DTo treat the surgical wound in advance

Which advice may help reduce the risk of a parastomal hernia after stoma surgery?

1. AStrain hard on the toilet each day to strengthen the abdominal muscles
2. BKeep the stoma bag as full as possible
3. CAvoid heavy lifting early on and use support garments as advised
4. DDo intensive sit-ups from the first week

Nhóm thuốc nào thường dùng để giảm acid sau điều trị nội soi loét dạ dày–tá tràng chảy máu?

1. AThuốc lợi tiểu quai
2. BThuốc chẹn beta
3. CThuốc kháng histamine H1 như cetirizine
4. DThuốc ức chế bơm proton

Which risk is particularly linked with tramadol?

1. ARapid liver failure at normal doses
2. BSerotonin syndrome with some antidepressants, and seizures
3. CSevere stomach ulcers in all patients
4. DHigh blood pressure that needs emergency treatment in most patients

A patient has had a large terminal ileum resection for Crohn's disease. Which long-term problems should the nurse anticipate?

1. AExcess vitamin D and calcium kidney stones in the first year
2. BVitamin B₁₂ deficiency and bile-acid diarrhoea
3. CInsulin deficiency and high blood glucose from loss of the islets
4. DIron overload and constipation

After two days of large volumes of IV 5% glucose, a postoperative patient becomes confused with a headache. Sodium is 124 mmol/L. What is the likely cause?

1. AHypoglycaemia from the glucose
2. BHyponatraemia from hypotonic fluids
3. CHypernatraemia from too much salt
4. DNormal confusion after any anaesthetic