Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

What is a spinal anaesthetic?

1. ALocal anaesthetic injected into the CSF in the lower back
2. BA general anaesthetic gas breathed through a mask
3. CLocal anaesthetic cream rubbed on the skin
4. DA sedative tablet taken the night before

What is a skin graft donor site?

1. AA wound where healthy skin was taken for grafting
2. BThe area where the graft was placed on the burn wound
3. CA scar that has fully matured
4. DA blood vessel used to give fluids

Why is nail varnish or a gel nail often removed from at least one finger before surgery?

1. ASo pulse oximetry readings and nail colour can be assessed accurately
2. BBecause the varnish can make the anaesthetic gas less effective
3. CBecause varnish raises the patient's blood pressure
4. DBecause it is a checklist rule with no clinical reason

What is achalasia?

1. AInflammation of the oesophagus caused by a fungal infection
2. BWeakness of the lower oesophageal sphincter that allows reflux
3. CFailure of the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax on swallowing
4. DA tear at the junction of the oesophagus and the stomach

Ưu tiên đầu tiên khi bệnh nhân đến phòng hồi tỉnh sau gây mê toàn thân là gì?

1. ABăng vết mổ và các ống dẫn lưu
2. BMột ngụm nước
3. CĐường thở và hô hấp
4. DTiền sử dùng thuốc

Which initial treatment is usual for symptomatic hypercalcaemia of malignancy?

1. AFluid restriction and a thiazide diuretic
2. BA high-calcium diet with extra milk
3. CIV fluids followed by an IV bisphosphonate
4. DOral calcium tablets and vitamin D

During a nasogastric feed, a patient starts coughing and SpO₂ falls from 96% to 89%. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStop the feed and assess the airway and breathing
2. BIncrease the feed rate to finish it sooner
3. CGive a drink of water to clear the throat
4. DLay the patient flat to help them rest

A category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer is now healing and shallower. How should it be documented according to standard guidance?

1. AAs a category 2 pressure ulcer now
2. BAs a healing category 4 pressure ulcer
3. CAs a fully healed ulcer that can be removed from the record
4. DAs a category 1 pressure ulcer now