Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

Which statement about hepatitis C is correct?

1. AIt is spread mainly by food, and a vaccine is given to babies
2. BIt always clears by itself within two weeks
3. CIt is spread mainly through blood, and there is no vaccine
4. DIt can be treated only with a liver transplant

Xét nghiệm máu nào thường dùng để chẩn đoán viêm tụy cấp?

1. ANồng độ hormone kích thích tuyến giáp
2. BLipase hoặc amylase trên 3 lần mức bình thường
3. CBilirubin trên ba lần giới hạn trên bình thường
4. DTroponin trên bách phân vị 99

Which symptom in an adult over 50 is a red flag for colorectal cancer?

1. AMild bloating before a period
2. BA lasting change in bowel habit with rectal bleeding
3. COne episode of loose stools after a takeaway meal
4. DOccasional wind and rumbling after eating a meal of beans

Which advice may help reduce the risk of a parastomal hernia after stoma surgery?

1. AKeep the stoma bag as full as possible
2. BStrain hard on the toilet each day to strengthen the abdominal muscles
3. CDo intensive sit-ups from the first week
4. DAvoid heavy lifting early on and use support garments as advised

How can low-dose opioids help a patient with breathlessness from advanced cancer?

1. AThey open the airways like an inhaler
2. BThey increase the oxygen level in the blood
3. CThey cure the underlying lung disease
4. DThey reduce the feeling of breathlessness

Which statement about pain in older adults is correct?

1. AOlder adults feel less pain because nerves wear out
2. BPain is a normal part of ageing and does not need any treatment at all
3. COpioids must never be used in people over 70
4. DThey may under-report pain, so active assessment is needed

Một bệnh nhân xơ gan và cổ trướng bị sốt mới, đau bụng khi ấn và lú lẫn nặng hơn. Cần nghi ngờ biến chứng nào?

1. AViêm tụy cấp
2. BDiễn tiến bình thường của cổ trướng
3. CViêm phúc mạc nhiễm khuẩn tự phát
4. DTáo bón đơn thuần

After a high-voltage electrical injury, a patient's urine is dark red-brown. What does this suggest and what is the usual aim?

1. ABleeding from the bladder; stop all fluids
2. BNormal concentrated urine; restrict fluids
3. CMyoglobin from muscle damage; a higher urine output target
4. DA urinary infection; send a sample and wait for the result