Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

In widely used guidelines, which core temperature defines perioperative hypothermia?

1. ABelow 38,0 °C
2. BBelow 36,0 °C
3. CBelow 32,0 °C
4. DBelow 37,5 °C

Why does a low serum albumin contribute to oedema?

1. AIt raises blood pressure and pushes fluid into the kidneys
2. BIt causes the heart to pump more blood into the legs
3. CIt lowers oncotic pressure, so fluid leaks into tissues
4. DIt blocks the lymph vessels in the abdomen

Which preoperative allergy must be communicated so that theatre equipment can be changed?

1. ACat hair allergy
2. BHouse dust mite allergy
3. CPollen allergy
4. DLatex allergy

Rối loạn điện giải nào có thể xảy ra trong viêm tụy cấp nặng?

1. AHạ calci máu
2. BTăng natri máu
3. CTăng calci máu
4. DTăng kali máu

Which advice helps a patient with haemorrhoids?

1. AEat more fibre, drink enough fluid and avoid straining
2. BSit on the toilet for long periods to empty fully
3. CTake a codeine-based painkiller every day
4. DEat less fibre so that stools are smaller

Which drug class is used to reduce the risk of a first variceal bleed in cirrhosis?

1. AThiazide diuretics
2. BNon-selective beta-blockers
3. CCalcium supplements
4. DProton pump inhibitors

A dying patient has noisy, rattling breathing. The patient seems unaware, but the family is distressed. What is the best nursing approach?

1. AAsk the family to leave the room
2. BReposition, explain the cause and give prescribed drugs if needed
3. CPerform deep suction every hour
4. DGive large volumes of IV fluid to loosen and thin the secretions

A nurse teaches a patient with a new ileostomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll watch for dizziness and dark urine."
2. B"I'll drink less so my bag fills more slowly."
3. C"I'll report if my output becomes very watery and high."
4. D"I'll chew my food well to avoid blockages."